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Ch. 7 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Legislature | The lawmaking body of a country or state |
| Legislative Branch | The Branch that makes laws. |
| Judicial Branch | The Branch that evaluates / interprets laws. |
| Executive Branch | The Branch that carries out laws. |
| Statute | law written by a legislative body |
| Shay's Rebellion | violent uprising against debt collection in Massachusetts - showed the weaknesses in the govt caused by the Articles of Confederation |
| Articles of Confederation | The original structure of government for the US - very weak, and barely give the federal government any power - ex. taxes could not be collected, and they could not order the states to do anything |
| US Constitution | the fundamental set of rules and principles that establishes the structure and powers of the US government and guarantees certain rights to its people |
| Liberty | Freedom |
| Ratify | Voting to approve |
| Bill of Rights | the 10 amendments that were added to the Constitution - placed specific restrictions on government power |
| Amendments | changes (to the Constitution) |
| 1st Amendment | Freedom of speech, religion, the press, the right to peacefully assemble (protest), and to petition the government |
| 2nd Amendment | Right to keep and bear arms |
| 3rd Amendment | Protection from being forced to quarter (house) soldiers |
| 4th Amendment | Protection against search and seizures without a warrant based on reasonable grounds (suspicions) |
| 5th Amendment | The right of an arrested individual to know what they are accused of, protection against being tried for the same crime twice; protection against unjustified deprivation of life, liberty, or property; the right to refuse to testify against oneself |
| 6th Amendment | The right to a fair and speedy trial by jury; the right to a lawyer |
| 7th Amendment | The right to a jury trial in certain civil cases |
| 8th Amendment | Protection against excessive (too high) bail and cruel or unusual punishment |
| 9th Amendment | Protection against others taking away rights not mentioned in the Bill of Rights |
| 10th Amendment | The right of states and citizens to retain powers not given to the federal government |
| Bill | a proposed law |
| Congress | Made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate within the Legislative (law making) branch |
| Veto | the power to reject or ban a decision or proposal, often by a person in a position of authority - ex. the President rejecting a new law |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Increased the power of white voters in the South at the expense of enslaved African Americans, who were each counted as less than a full person. Every 5 enslaved people counted as 3 free people. |
| Slave Importation Clause | Stating that Congress could not ban the importation of slaves for 20 years and that the tax on importing an enslaved person could not exceed $10 per person. |
| Framers | The people who wrote the Constitution |
| Clause | a specific, separate part of a legal document like the Constitution |
| Fugitives | a person who has escaped from a place or is in hiding, especially to avoid arrest or persecution. |
| Federalist | those who support the Constitution |
| Anti-Federalist | those who oppose / are against all or parts of the Constitution |
| Great Compromise | a legislative branch with two houses. |
| Virginia Plan | For the big states - wanted proportional representation in the law making branch of government (more people = more voices in government, less people = less voices in governemnt) |
| New Jersey Plan | For the small states - wanted equal representation in the law making branch of government (more people = same number of voices in government = less people) |
| Separation of Powers | The idea that that power should be divided equally among three distinct branches that would be responsible for making laws, enforcing laws, and interpreting laws. |
| Checks and Balances | Each branch would have the ability to limit the power of the other two through a series of checks and balances. |
Created by:
user-1932839