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ECE Science 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Earth | the third planet from the Sun. The densest planet in the solar system. The largest of the solar system's four terrestrial planets. The only astronomical object to have life |
| Sun | the STAR at the center of the solar system. The most important source of energy for life on Earth. |
| Moon | Earth's only natural satellite. Thought to have formed 4.5 billion years ago, not long after Earth. |
| Earth's tilt | Season's are a result of the Earth's tilt ON ITS AXIS. |
| When Earth is tilted toward the sun, it is _______ | warmer (summer) |
| When Earth is tilted away from the sun, it is ____ | colder (winter) |
| When Earth is tilted on its side, it is _____ | fall and spring |
| the moon affects the ______ | tides |
| star | a luminous ball of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium, held together by its own gravity. |
| a star's color relies on its ________ | temperature |
| hotter stars emit _____ | bluer light |
| cooler stars emit ______ | redder light |
| a lunar eclipse occurs when _______ | the MOON passes directly behind Earth |
| a solar eclipse occurs when ____ | the moon moves in front of the sun. |
| Earth spins on its ______ | axis |
| Earth makes one full rotation on its axis ______ | every 24 hours |
| Earth revolves around the ______ | sun |
| It takes _______ for Earth to make one full revolution around the sun | 365 days |
| solar system | a planetary system that orbits the sun. |
| solar system consists of: | the sun and everything that orbits around it. |
| solar systems consists of: | 8 planets, their natural satellites (such as our moon), dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and other particles of debris |
| Venus and Earth are ______ | similar in size, density, and mass |
| comets | a chunk of ice and rock originating outside of the solar system |
| asteroids | a chunk of rock and metal in orbit between Mars and Jupiter |
| meteorite | a small asteroid |
| light year | a unit of astronomical distance equal to the distance light travels in one year - if an event occurs 13 light years away, it will take 13 years to observe the event from Earth |
| speed of light | In a vacuum, is about 300,000 km/sec. |
| Earth is made up of ________ | crust/lithosphere, mantle, and core |
| Earth gets denser toward the ____ | center |
| the temperature of Earth increases ______ | deeper into the Earth. |
| crust of the Earth | the outermost solid layer |
| mantle | not liquid, like plastic, mainly made up of aluminum and silicates |
| core | the innermost layer of Earth; mainly made of nickel and iron |
| Earth's atmosphere is a layer of ___ | gases surrounding the planet |
| gases present in Earth's atmosphere are: | nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon, carbon dioxide, helium, neon, and other gases |
| researchers say that Earth's atmosphere was formed from ____ | volcanic eruptions |
| earth's 5 spheres above the crust | lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, and atmostphere |
| lithosphere | the outermost shell of Earth |
| hydrosphere | all the water on Earth (lakes, rivers, oceans) |
| cryosphere | masses of frozen water (frozen lakes, glaciers) |
| atmosphere | the layer of gases that surround the planet |
| water cycle | continuous circulation of water (precipitation, evaporation, condensation, transpiration) |
| precipitation | rain and snow |
| evaporation | when water turns from a liquid to a gas (water vapor) |
| condensation | when water vapor turns back into liquid - water collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it, forming clouds |
| transpiration | when plants suck water from roots to the small pores in leaves, releasing the water vapor into the atmosphere |
| troposphere | layer of Earth's atmosphere WHERE WEATHER OCCURS |
| stratosphere | layer of Earth's atmosphere that contains the OZONE LAYER |
| mesosphere | layer of Earth's atmosphere |
| thermosphere | layer of Earth's atmosphere |
| exosphere | layer of Earth's atmosphere |
| the order of the layers of Earth's atmosphere | tropo, strato, meso, thermo, exo |
| clean energy | energy from wind, solar, water, geothermal, biomass, and nuclear |
| fossil energy | energy from coal, oil, and natural gas |
| electric power | energy from charged particles |
| renewable resources | solar, wind, hydro power |
| nonrenewable resources | fossil fuels, coal, natural gas |
| igneous | made from lava, magma, looks glassy, smooth, gas bubble holes; examples - granite, pumice, obsidian |
| metamorphic | made from heat pressure, looks like sparkly crystals, ribbon like layers, examples - marble, slate, and gneiss |
| sedimentary | made from deposition, cementation, looks like sand grains or visible pebbles, fossils, examples - sandstone, limestone, and shale |
| soil is a mixture of __________ | minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and other organisms |
| aquifers are ________ | bodies of permeable rock which can contain or transmit ground water. Bedrock is a good aquifer. |
| mountains are formed as a result of _______ | Earth's plates smashing together |
| volcanoes are formed when _______ | magma withing the Earth's upper mantle erupts through the surface |
| canyons are formed by _____ | weathering and erosion caused by the movement of rivers |
| earthquakes are caused by ___ | plates rubbing against each other in an opposite motion |
| Ring of Fire | a ring of volcanoes around the outer edge of the Pacific Ocean |
| tsunami | a giant wave caused by earthquake or volcanoes |
| plate tectonics | the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle |
Created by:
kristikee