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ECE Science 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mixture | a material system made up of 2 or more different substances that are mixed but are not combined chemically. |
| 2 types of mixtures | homogeneous (same) and heterogeneous (different) |
| atoms | the smallest part of an element that retains its chemical properties |
| More than _____ of an atom's mass is in the nucleus | 99.4% |
| electrons | negatively charged subatomic particles that circle around the atom's nucleus |
| neutrons | neutrally charged subatomic particles that are located in the atom's nucleus |
| protons | positively charged subatomic particles that are located in the atom's nucleus |
| elements | more than 100 substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter |
| atomic number | how an element is identified. It is also the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. |
| periodic table of elements | a tabular display of chemical elements arranged by atomic number and characteristics |
| energy | can be transferred in between and among objects. Can be converted into different forms. |
| kinetic energy | object is in motion; the actual movement of an object. Example - a rock rolling down a hill or a swing swinging in the air |
| potential energy | energy possessed by an object or individual by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors. Example - a rock at the top of the hill has the potential to roll down so the rock has potential energy |
| a force | any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. |
| friction | the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. Example - rubbing hands together, pushing furniture across the floor |
| mechanical energy | objects in motion - example: swing |
| electrical energy | the movement of electrons through a wire - example: light bulb |
| chemical energy | rearrangement of molecular structure - example: photosynthesis, lighting a match, rusting |
| thermal/heat | the movement of particles because of heat and friction - example: boiling water |
| sound | the movement of energy through a substance, such as air or water, in the form of waves - example: sonic boom |
| light | electromagnetic radiation where protons are produced when an object's atoms heat up - example: fire |
| heat transfer | the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems |
| convection | the transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter. Example - convection oven - air (heat) is moved by a fan around the food |
| conduction | the transfer of heat from particle to particle. Example - cold spoon placed in hot soup, the spoon will get hotter until the spoon and soup become the same temperature |
| radiation | the transfer of heat from electromagnetic waves through space. Example - sunlight and fire |
| electricity | the flow of an electric charge |
| electrical circuits | allow electricity to flow in a loop and power different things |
| series circuits | components arranged end to end. Electric current flows through the first component then through the next component, and so one |
| parallel circuits | a circuit with branches that allows multiple applications to happen at once. |
| conductors | GOOD electricity - examples are wire, metal, and water |
| insulators | BAD for electricity - examples are rubber, cloth, polystyrene (styrofoam) |
| lightning | a giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere between clouds, the air, or the ground |
| magnetism | the force exerted between magnets when they attract or repel each other. Is caused by the motion of electric charges |
| Opposite poles _______ | attract (N and S) |
| Same poles ____ | repel (S and S OR N and N) |
Created by:
kristikee