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Chem #6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between the ground state and the excited state of an atom? | Ground state is when an electron has its lowest possible energy. Excited state is when one or more electrons absorb energy and move to a higher energy level. |
| How can the energy levels of the atom be determined by measuring the light emitted from an atom? | The frequencies of light emitted from this transition can be measured and using Planck's constant, energy can be determined. |
| Why does electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet region represent a larger energy transition than does radiation in the infrared region? | UV photons have a higher frequency an shorter wavelength than infrared photons. |
| What is a wavelength? | Shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave. |
| What is a frequency? | The number of waves that pass a point per second. |
| What is speed/? | All EM waves travel at the speed of light. Represented by c. |
| What does each letter represent in c=lambda *v | The c represents the speed of light, lambda represents the wavelength, and v represents frequency. |
| What is an orbit? | Defined path of an electron. |
| What is an orbital? | Defined area of space for finding an electron. |
| What are the 4 shapes of orbitals? | s,p,d,f |
| What does n represent? | The principle quantum number, distance away from nucleus, 1-7 possible values. |
| What does l represent? | Angular momentum quantum number, shape of the orbital, s,p,d,f |
| What does ml represent? | Magnetic quantum number, orientation, number of orbitals |
| What does ms represent? | Spin quantum number, electron spinning up or down. |
| What are the three rules with electron configuration? | Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's Rule. |
| What is the aufbau principle? | Electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first. |
| What is the pauli exclusion principle? | An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins. |
| What is Hund's rule? | Electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible. |
| How many quantum numbers are used to describe the properties of electrons in atomic orbitals? | 4 |
| A spherical electron cloud surrounding an atomic nucleus would best represent? | An s orbital |
| How many electrons can an energy level of n=4 hold? | 32 |
| How many electrons can an energy level of n=2 hold? | 8 |
| Compared with an electron for which n=2, an electron for which n=4 has more what? | Energy |
| What is heisenberg's uncertainty principle? | It says that it's impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time. It is impossible to take any measurement of an object without disturbing it. |
| Under what circumstances can an atom emits a photon? | When the electron changes it's level. |
| What do quantum numbers describe? | The approximate location of the electron. |
| What is the relationship between the principal quantum number and the electron configuration? | The principle quantum number indicates the outer most energy level and where you can find the valence electrons. |
| How do electrons create the colors in a line emission spectrum? | The colors are created by photons containing specific amounts of energy and transitioning from higher to lower energy levels. |
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