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Agriculture Patterns
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| slash and burn | a practice used in agriculture whereby existing vegetation is cut down and burned oof before new seeds are sown |
| value-added specialty crops | crops that are used in further processing produced in a manner than enhances its value as demonstrated through a business plan (organically produced products) or those produced in a manner that result in enhancement of value of commodity |
| carrying capacity | the number of people, living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation |
| commercial agriculture | the large-scale production of crops intended for widespread distribution to wholesalers or retail outlets |
| subsistence agriculture | the production of crops largely for the consumption of the family unit |
| plantation farming | a commercial agricultural practice where crops are grown over large land areas through monoculture of a cash crop, typically occurs in tropical and subtropical climates where cheap labor + land are avaliable + crops thrive |
| dietary shifts | a change in the eating habits of a population as a result of involuntary (drought, crop failure, long term climate impacts) or voluntary (selective diet trends) processes |
| food deserts | areas with little or no access to healthy and affordable food or limited or no access to fruits and vegetables |
| food insecure | the state of being without reliable access to sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food |
| extensive farming | an agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labor, fertilizers, and capital relative to the land area being farmer |
| intensive farming | types of agriculture with high levels of input of labor and/or capital, and high value per unit area of land |
| fair trade | trade between companies in developed countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers |
| global supply chain | the global scope of the sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity |
| agricultural hearths | various regions of the world where the domestication of either plants or animals occurred independent of one another (wheat, corn/maize, potato, rice, cow, pig, chicken) |
| GMO's | genetically modified organisms, any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques |
| irrigation | the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals |
| biodiversity | the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem |
| aquaculture | the farming of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae, and other organisms |
| columbian exchange | the transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and European populations |
| metes and bounds survey system | a land survey system that refers to a boundary defined by the measurement of each straight run, specified by a distance between terminal points, and an orientation or direction (metes) and a general boundary desc. such as along a certain course, wall, etc |
| township and range survey system | a land survey system used primarily in the Midwest and Western portions of the US that divides lands into townships measuring 6 by 6 and divides each into 36 squares. Townships run parallel to latitude and measure N + S. range run parallel to longitude. |
| long lot survey | settlement patterns whereby buildings are grouped to form a long line, usually with no discernable center of settlement. These often occur as settlement occurs along a means of transit - like along the banks of a river or rail road tracks |
| terrace farming | the level flat areas resembling a series of steps in mountainous/hilly terrain that are used to increase the areas avaliable to be cultivated |
| the 3 agricultural revolutions | first -hunting and gathering to farming, second - mechanization of agricultural practices, third - production of agriculture that includes pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers (Green revolution) |
| organic farming | method of crop and livestock production that involves holistic system designed to optimize productivity through methods like crop rotation, cover crops, balanced host/predator relationships, etc. |
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