Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
biology unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is true of benign tumors but not malignant tumors? | They remain confined to their original site. |
| A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain? | 92 |
| A cell in G2 of the cell division cycle contains 20 chromosomes. How many centromeres are present in this cell? | 20 |
| What will be the result if a eukaryotic cell completes mitosis but does not undergo cytokinesis? | one cell with two nuclei, each identical to the nucleus of the parent cell |
| Humans produce skin cells by mitosis and gametes by meiosis. Which of the following statements about the nuclei of skin cells is correct? | They contain twice as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis. |
| Somatic cells in elephants have 56 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be carried by the gametes produced by elephants? | 28 |
| Following DNA replication, each eukaryotic chromosome consists of two identical DNA molecules known as | sister chromatids |
| Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely __________. | a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis |
| In the cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs WITHOUT cytokinesis. This will result in __________. | cells with more than one nucleus |
| Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis? | replication of the DNA |
| At which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes? | anaphase |
| What is a cleavage furrow? | a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei |
| What is the main function of telomeres? | Acting as a protective cap on the tip of chromosomes |
| Which phase of the cell cycle includes DNA replication? | S phase |
| What happens during the G0 phase of the cell cycle? | Cells stop dividing |
| What marks the completion of mitosis? | Formation of two daughter nuclei |
| What is the process by which prokaryotic cells divide? | Binary Fission |
| What is apoptosis? | Pre-planned cell death |
| Which of the following defines metastasis? | The spread of cancer cells to other body parts |
| What is the function of growth factors in the cell cycle? | Stimulate cells to divide |
| Prophase | chromosomes condense and become visible, and the mitotic spindle starts to form |
| Prometaphase | the nuclear envelop breaks down and spindle fibers attach to chromosomes |
| Metaphase | chromosomes align at the metaphase plate(center of the cell) |
| Anaphase | sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell |
| Telophase | Two daughter nuclei form, and chromosomes begin to decondense. |
| Cytokinesis (Animal cells) | cleavage furrow forms, diving the cell into two |
| Cytokinesis (Plant cells) | a cell plate forms to divide the daughter cells |
| Mitosis | division of genetic material in the nucleus |
| Interphase | cell growth and DNA replication occur before division |
| Uncontrolled Growth | cancer cells divide without regulation or stopping |
| Loss of Apoptosis | cancer cells fail to undergo programmed cell death |
| Anchorage Independence | cancer cells can grow without being attached to a surface |
| Metastasis | cancer cells spread from the original site to other parts of the body |
| A population with no genetic variation is at risk because: | It cannot adapt to environmental changes |
| Which outcome best illustrates the evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction? | Increased genetic diversity for adaptation |
| Independent assortment occurs during which specific stage? | Metaphase I |
| Which of the following organisms uses a ZW sex determination system? | Birds |
| Nondisjunction in Meiosis I results in: | All gametes abnormal |
| Which phase of meiosis ensures each gamete receives only one chromosome from each homologous pair? | Anaphase I |
| Turner syndrome results from: | Monosomy X |
| What would result if crossing over did not occur during Prophase I of meiosis? | Genetic variation would be significantly reduced in the resulting gametes. |
| In meiosis, how do homologous chromosomes differ from sister chromatids in their genetic composition? | Homologous chromosomes may carry different alleles for the same genes, while sister chromatids are identical. |
| Chromatids are separated from each other during which of the following processes? | during both mitosis and meiosis II |
| what is crossing over? | the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids |
| Which of the following types of cells would be produced by meiosis? | a haploid animal cell |
| Which of the following statements is correct regarding human X and Y chromosomes? | They are responsible for the determination of an individual's biological sex. |
| Which of the following elements do all sexual life cycles in eukaryotic organisms have in common? | meiosis and fertilization |
| Which of the following is true of an organism that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16? | Each cell has eight homologous pairs of chromosomes. |
| If a sexually reproducing organism has a diploid number of 36, how many individual chromosomes would any of its gametes have? | 18 chromosomes |
| A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is __________. | a sperm |
| What is NOT a purpose a karyotype might be prepared | to detect the possible presence of incest |
| What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? | 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes |
| Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? | Synapsis occurs. |
| Asexual reproduction | single parent reproduction without gamete fusion |
| Sexual reproduction | two parents giving rise to genetically unique offspring |
| Somatic Cell | body cell with diploid chromosome |
| Gamete | haploid reproductive cell |
| Homologous Chromosomes | chromosomes with similar structures and genes |
| Sister Chromatids | identical copies of a chromosome connected at the centromere |
| Centromere | point of attachment for sister chromatids |
| Random Fertilization | any sperm can fuse with any egg increasing diversity |
| Independent Assortment | different genes and their alleles are inherited independently within sexually reproducing organisms |
| Crossing Over | exchange of genetic material between chromatids |
| Mutation | primary source of genetic variation in all organims |
| What is the observable physical trait of an organism called? | phenotype |
| Which term refers to the genetic makeup of an organism? | genotype |
| What does it mean if an organism is homozygous for a trait? | it has two identical alleles |
| What do we call different versions of the same gene? | alleles |
| What concept suggests that traits are inherited independently of each other? | law of independent assortment |
| Which type of allele can mask the effect of a recessive allele? | dominant |
| If an organism’s genotype is Aa, what is its genotype type? | heterozygous |
| In a Punnett square, what do the letters outside the grid represent? | parental alleles |
| Which of the following describes codominance? | both traits are expressed equally |
| What do we call a trait that shows a mixture of both parental traits? | incomplete dominance |
| If a gene has multiple effects on different traits, it is an example of ___. | pleiotropy |
| The inheritance of ABO blood groups in humans is an example of which pattern? | codominance and multiple alleles |
| Which of the following genotypes represents a carrier for a recessive disorder? | heterozygous |
| In which type of inheritance pattern does one gene influence another gene’s expression? | epistasis |
| What type of genetic cross involves parents that are heterozygous for two characters? | dihybrid cross |
| In genetics, what does a pedigree chart show? | Inheritance patterns within a family |
| Which of the following best describes Mendel’s particulate hypothesis? | Traits are passed as discrete heritable units. |
| According to Mendel's law of segregation, alleles separate during which process? | gamete formation |
| If a homozygous dominant (PP) plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive (pp) plant, what will the genotype ratio of the F1 generation be? | all Pp |
| What is the expected phenotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa)? Ratio written as dominant trait expressed : recessive trait expressed | 3:1 |
| If two parents with genotypes AaBb and AaBb are crossed, what is the probability that an offspring will have the genotype AABB? | 1/16 |
| Which genotype combination in humans would result in blood type AB? | IAIB |
| In sickle-cell disease, which aspect of the inheritance pattern provides an evolutionary advantage against malaria? | Heterozygous carriers show mild sickle-cell trait and malaria resistance. |
| In guinea pigs, black fur is dominant over white fur. If two heterozygous black guinea pigs are crossed, what is the probability that the offspring will have white fur? | 25% |
| In a type of fish, blue scales are dominant over green scales. If a heterozygous blue-scaled fish is crossed with a green-scaled fish, what is the probability that their offspring will have green scales? | 50% |
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder. If a man is a carrier for CF and his wife is not a carrier and does not have the disease, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder? | 0% |
| Achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism, is caused by a dominant allele. If a man with achondroplasia who is heterozygous has children with a woman who does not have the condition, what is the chance their child will have achondroplasia? | 50% |
| In the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC? | 1/64 |
| In the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype aaBbcc? | 1/32 |
| Anna has Type A blood and her partner, John, has Type B blood. Their child has Type O blood. Could John be the biological father of this child? | Yes, it’s possible if both Anna and John carry the recessive allele for O. |
| Maria has Type AB blood, and her child has Type O blood. Maria claims that James, who has Type A blood, is the father. Could James be the biological father? | No, because Type A and Type AB cannot produce Type O. |
| In a species of butterfly, long wings are dominant over short wings, and intermediate wings result from incomplete dominance. If two butterflies with intermediate wings have offspring, what would be the expected wing length ratio in their offspring? | 1 long : 2 intermediate : 1 short |
| In humans, having a widow's peak (W) is dominant over a straight hairline (w). A woman with a widow's peak has children with a man with a straight hairline, and they have a child with a straight hairline. What is the best term to describe her genotype? | heterozygous |
Created by:
ashleygome05