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Biology Unit 2

2 Cells and Transport: Study Guide for Biology Students

QuestionAnswer
What are the three parts of the cell theory? 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of life. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Which type of cell has a nucleus? Eukaryotic cells
What type of cells consist of bacteria and archaea? Prokaryotic cells
What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic cells? They have membrane-bound organelles.
What organelle controls the cell's activities and stores genetic material? Nucleus
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus? Sorts, modifies, and packages materials.
What is the role of mitochondria in the cell? Converts food into usable ATP energy.
What is the function of ribosomes? Makes proteins.
What is the purpose of the cell membrane? Regulates what comes in and out of the cell.
What is osmosis? The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
What is facilitated diffusion? The process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.
What happens to an animal cell in an isotonic solution? Water moves in and out at equal rates, causing the cell to remain the same.
What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on an animal cell? Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse.
What occurs to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution? Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.
What is the definition of homeostasis? The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.
How does negative feedback maintain homeostasis? It counteracts changes from a set point to bring the system back to equilibrium.
What is the role of active transport? Moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy.
What is endocytosis? The process by which cells take in large molecules via vesicles.
What is exocytosis? The process of exporting proteins out of the cell.
What is the function of chloroplasts? Where light energy is converted into food energy through photosynthesis.
What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis? Phagocytosis involves engulfing solid particles, while pinocytosis involves taking in liquid.
What is the structure that provides support from within the cell? Cytoskeleton
What is the purpose of a phospholipid in the cell membrane? To form a semi-permeable barrier with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells? Stores water, proteins, and other materials, and helps maintain turgor pressure.
What is the shape of plant cells typically? Square shape due to the presence of a cell wall.
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum? A maze of passageways for proteins and molecules; can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (detoxifies and makes lipids).
Created by: user-1983299
 

 



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