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Bio 2.3
I fucking hate Quizlet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fossil conditions | buried in sediments soon after death; commonly by rivers, flood planes, wetland, bogs |
| Burgess shale | fossil rich site that provides the first fossil evidence for the appearance of most major groups of animals |
| Birds evolved from dinosaurs | transitional fossils had both feathers and teeth/claws, genetic engineering can grow typical reptilian teeth in birds, birds and dinosaurs have a wishbone |
| Whales evolved from terrestrial animals | vestigial hip and thigh bones, dna is close to hippos, dolphins have been found that have hind fins |
| Geology | the study of the physical structure of the Earth, including its composition (e.g., rocks), history, and the processes that act upon it |
| Paleontology | study of extinct life-forms in the fossil record |
| Georges Cuvier | Scientist who developed paleontology, the study of fossils. Advocated catastrophism as the major means of geological changes |
| Stratigraphy | the study of rock layers and the sequence of events they reflect |
| Charles Lyell | Scientist who discredited catastrophism and uniformitarianism |
| James Hutton | Scientist who developed the idea of gradualism, which states that profound geological change can result from the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes |
| Gradualism | Idea that states that profound geological change can result from the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes |
| Uniformitarianism | Charles Lyell's idea that geologic processes have not changed throughout Earth's history; e.g., forces that build and erode mountains and the rates at which they act are the same today as in the past |
| Fossil | A trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock or some other form. |
| Permineralized Fossil | Empty spaces inside an organism are filled with minerals from groundwater |
| Replacement Fossil | The original solid parts of an organism are replaced with mineral crystals that can leave detailed replicas of hard or soft parts |
| Petrified Fossil | A fossil formed when permineralization and replacement combine to form a solid replica of an organism |
| Amber Fossil | when an organism gets stuck in tree sap which hardens |
| Trace Fossil | A type of fossil that provides evidence of the activities of ancient organisms (e.g., footprints, nests, burrows) |
| Mold | Fossil that forms when an organism is buried and decays leaving an empty space that is the exact shape as the organism (an impression) |
| Cast | Fossil that forms when minerals fill in a space left by a decaying organism, producing a replica/cast. |
| Preserved Remains | When an entire organism becomes encased in ice/ash/bogs/tar |
| Relative Dating | Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock |
| Radiometric Dating | Method used to determine the age of rocks fossils using the rate of decay of radioactive isotopes |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Half-Life | Length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay |
| Carbon Dating | Using the decay of Carbon-14 to determine the age of rocks/fossils that are less than about 60,000 years old |
| Burgess Shale | A sedimentary rock formation in British Columbia, Canada, that preserves a remarkable sampling of marine life during the initial diversification of animals. |
| Cambrian Explosion | A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 545 to 525 million years ago |
| Transitional fossil | A fossil that shows traits that are common to both its ancestral group and its descendant group; can help demonstrate evolutionary changes between the two |
| Archaeopteryx | A transitional fossil that shows both reptile and bird characteristics (teeth, claws, feathers, wings) |
| Vestigial structure | Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function |
| Basilosaurus | Extinct whale that had small, distinct hind-limbs that extended outside of the body; top marine carnivores of the Eocene |
| Ambulocetus | Semi-aquatic whale ancestor that could swim in shallow water and walk on land |
| Atavism | Reappearance of an ancestral characteristic in a descendent species (e.g. tail extending outside the body in humans) |
| Tetrapod | Vertebrate animal having four feet or legs or leglike appendages |
| Ichthyostega | Transitional fossil between fish and amphibians that had a a fully developed shoulder girdle, well developed limb bones, well-developed muscles, and other adaptations for terrestrial life |
| Tiktaalik | "Fishapod" - thought to be a transitional form between fish and tetrapods; had a distinct neck, limbs with a wrist, and a sturdy ribcage |
| Ediacaran fossils | Fossils of first animals approximately 565-542 mya; soft-bodied, likely filtered or absorbed food from water |
| Catastrophism | theory that states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions primarily shaped Earth's landforms and caused extinction of some species |
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killjoy <3