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chem 4&5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Democritus importance | the 1st person to use the word atom also had no scientific support when he believed atoms were indivisible and indestructible |
| aristotle importance | he rejected the theory of atoms and only believed in the 4 core elements of fire water air and earth |
| Antoine Lavoisier importance | Created the law conversation of matter stating its not created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction |
| what is law of conservation of matter | Matter is not created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction |
| Joseph Proust | created the law definite proportions stating a compound is always composed of the same elements in proportion by mass |
| What is the law of definite proportions | a compound is always composed of the same element in the same proportion by mass so if 2 hydrogens mass is 2 and a oxygen is 16 the sum will have to add up to 18 because matter isn't destroyed or created |
| Why is John Dalton important | He studied the ratio in elements he used quantitative data- the mass he also created the law of multiple proportions |
| What is the Law of multiple proportions | When 2 elements form more than one compound they do so in a ratio of whole numbers for example one nitrogen is 14 and one oxygen is 16 in the atomic mass so when combined its ratio is 1:1 but if you have NO2 (2 subscript) its saying you have one n & 2O) |
| What is Dalton's atomic theory | All elements are composed of indivisible solid spheres all atoms of a given element are identical atoms of diff elements differ in their masses Different atoms combine in simple whole #s rations to form compounds |
| Whose Theory is accurate to today's | Dalton's but with one change that atoms are divisible |
| Why are atoms divisible | Atoms are divisible because they can become into 3 types of subatomic particles electron, proton and neutron |
| What are the 3 subatomic particles | Protons, neutrons,electrons |
| Why is JJ Thomson important | He studied the cathode ray tube and did an experiment |
| Who named an electron | JJ Thomas did |
| What is an electron | Electrons have a 0 AMU mass a negative charge and its symbol is a e- |
| Why is the plum pudding/ chocolate chip cookie model wrong | Its saying protons and electrons are both embedded an an atom and that's wrong |
| What is a proton | Protons have a positive charge and a mass of ONE AMU symbol is a p+ |
| What is a neutron | Neutrons have a mass of ONE AMU a neutral/ 0 charge and its symbol is n0 |
| Why is Ernest Rutherford important | He discovered the structure of an atom and did the Gold foil experiment |
| Who did the Gold foil experiment | Ernest Rutherford did |
| Rutherford's nuclear model findings | found that an atom is mainly empty space a dense center- the nucleus which contains most of the mass nucleus has a positive charge from protons and neutrons electrons are the outside of the nucleus and occupies the atoms volume |
| Which subatomic particles occupies most of the atoms volume | The electrons occupy the atoms volume |
| What makes atoms different from another | No 2 atoms can have the same number of protons/ atomic number |
| What is the nuclear charge | positive |
| Why do the number of electrons = the number of protons in an atom | Because all matter is neutral of an atom |
| How do u determine the number of neutrons | you subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass since the mass is made from protons and neutrons so find the difference |
| when is an atom not neutral in its charge | when it becomes an ion also known as a charged atom which allows it to be NOT neutral |
| How are Ions created | Ions are created by atoms gaining or losing electrons during a chemical reaction |
| When you lose an electron what kind of ion does it create | Losing an electron creates a Cation |
| What kind of reaction is losing electrons | Oxidation reaction |
| When you gain an electron what kind of ion does it create | Gaining an electron creates a Anion |
| What kind of reaction is gaining an electron | Reduction reaction |
| What is the most common oxidation state / where is it | The first number is the most common state |
| Problem with Dalton's theory isotopes | Not all atoms of an elements are identical the number of neutrons could change |
| What is an isotope | An isotope is an atom with the same amount of protons but different amount of neutrons naturally occurring |
| what is the atomic mass unit | AMU the weighted average of all isotopes SFs don't count will always have a decimal based on %abundance |
| what is the % abundance meaning | How common the isotope is |
| How do you calculate the average atomic mass | (Abundance x mass)+ (Abundance +Mass) MUST BE IN THIS FORMAT the mass is the given whole number and then abundance is represented in a % and must add to 100 make it into a decimal ex- 89% --- .89 |
| Do you round or count SFS in Atomic mass | NOOOO |
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