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Stack #4568547
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the general functions of the NS | communication and control -Collect information:sensation /sensation -Process and evaluate information /intergration -Initiate a response to stimuli/effector |
| When it comes to the function of the NS what can we collect information or the sensation be from | stimuli or receptors |
| When it comes to initiating a response to information in the NS or effectors what are examples of these | muscles and glands |
| Structurally organized what in the CNS | brain and spinal cord "control center" |
| Structurally organized what is in the PNS | nerves (cranial and spinal)along with ganglion "control lines" |
| what is there NONE of in the CNS | Nerves |
| what is the definition of afferent | going towards CNS sensor -> CNS example:nerve fibers carrying pain and heat information from your hand to your spinal cord |
| what is the definition of efferent | Going away from NS and heading out towards muscle and glands going away from CNS CNS->effector (muscles or glands) example-raising your hand |
| when it comes to functional organization what is Motor (efferent) | response by muscles and glands going away from NS and towards muscles and glands |
| when it comes to functional organization what is Sensory (Afferent) | Receiving information about the environment going towards CNS |
| somatic motor | voluntary control of skeletal muscle |
| somatic sensory | touch, proprioception,vision,hearing,gustation,olfaction |
| autonomic motor | involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands |
| visceral sensory | sensory information from internal organs |
| what two kinds of cells in the nervous tissue | neurons and neuroglia |
| how would you define a neuron | functional cell |
| how would you define a neuroglia | supporting cell |
| when it comes to the characteristics on a neuron what is excitability | responsive to stimuli |
| when it comes to the characteristics on a neuron what is conductivity | able to propagate electrical signals down a neuron |
| when it comes to the characteristics on a neuron what is secretion (of neurotransmitter) | response to electrical signals |
| when it comes to the characteristics on a neuron what is extreme longevity | can last throughout your lifetime and are not commonly replaced |
| when it comes to the characteristics on a neuron what is amitotic | unable to divide (can be repaired) |
| when it comes to the characteristics on a neuron what is high metabolic rate | use a lot of energy |
| what are the six characteristics of a neuron | excitability,conductivity,secretion(of neurotransmitter),extreme longevity, amitotic, high metabolic rate |
| what are the major parts of the neuron | nucleus, soma, dendrites,axon,myelin sheath, synaptic knobs,axon hillock, |
| what is the function of the soma | cell body that receives input and contains the nucleus, has nissl bodies and ribosomes for protein synthesis |
| what is the function of dendrites | receives inputs(stimuli) and sends them through soma to axon hillock, can vary in how many |
| what is the function of the axon | conducts signal and action potentials from dendrites and soma along with sends signals from soma to effectors being other neurons, muscle cells, and gland cells. |
| what is the function of the myelin sheath | fatty insulating covering composed of neuroglia sends a faster signal down axon |
| what is the function of the synaptic knobs | transmit signals to effectors, contains synaptic vesicles with NT axons propagate action potentials release NT fro synaptic knobs |
| what is the function of the axon hillock | processes and inputs action potential and lacks nissl bodies |
| what is the function of the nucleus | stores and regulates genetic information |
| what are the four functional segments of the neuron | receptive, initial, conductive, and transmissive segment |
| what can be found in the receptive segment | dendrites and soma |
| what can be found in the initial segment | axon hillock |
| what can be found in the conductive segment | axon |
| what can be found in the transmissive segment | synaptic knobs |
| what are the 3 types of neurons | multipolar,bipolar,and unipolar |
| describe a multipolar neuron | cell body with many dendrites and one axon extending form it most common type |
| describe a bipolar neuron | two processes extending from one dendrite and one axon -olfactory epithelium and retina |
| describe a unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron | single short process breaking off into T-shape -only sensory -cell bodies always found in ganglion |
| what is white matter made of | -mostly myelinated axons -myelin causes white color -axon insulation that speeds up rate of action potentials |
| what is grey matter made of | -somas, dendrites, unmyelinated axons -color is due to absence of myelin and pressence of nissl bodies |
| what are glial cells | neuroglia or "neuron glue |
| describe glial cells | -mitotic -nonexcitable -neuron support function |
| what are the CNS glial cells | -astrocytes -ependymal cells -microglia -oligodendrocytes |
| what are the PNS glial cells | -satellite cells -schwann cells |
| Astrocytes cell | -"star shapes"cell -most common type of glial cell in CNS functions: -helps to form BBB -regulates interstitial fluid composition CNS glial cell |
| Ependymal cell | -line ventricles (spaces) of the brain and central canal of spinal cord along with assist in production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) -CNS glial cell |
| microglia cell | -phagocytic immune cells -migrate through CNS -protection against infectious agents and other harmful substances -CNS glial cell |
| oligodendrocytes | -bulbous body with multiple projections -each process mylinates a different axon segment -can myeline multiple axon segments on multiple axons function-for myelin sheath in CNS CNS-Glial cell |
Created by:
paige.oswald