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Chem Quiz
Matter and Particle Diagrams
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that is composed of atoms or a combination of atoms, must have mass and occupy volume |
| homogeneous mixture | uniform composition |
| heterogeneous mixture | varying composition |
| pure substances | one species composed of a single type of particle throughout (atoms, molecules, or ions), each substance has its own unique set of properties (physical and chemical) |
| elements | composed of only one type of atom (cannot be decomposed/ broken down) |
| allotropes | different forms of the same element (same type of atom), have different properties due to different structure |
| compounds | two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio, composed of one type of molecule or ionic structure throughout |
| mixtures | a physical combination of more than one type of substance (species), may be a heterogeneous or homogenous (solution) |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture, solvent, solute |
| solvent | the dissolving medium (does not change phase), water is this for all aqueous solutions (aq) |
| solute | the substance which dissolves (changes phase) |
| filtration | separation of mixture, based on differences in particle size (aqueous solution cannot be filtered) |
| distillation | separation of mixture, based on differences in boiling points |
| paper chromatography | separation of mixture, based on differences in attractive forces |
| crystallization | separation of mixture, based on differences in solubility |
| energy | the ability to do work (measured in Joules or Calories) |
| calorie | the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion (heat, light, sound, electricity, etc.) |
| potential energy | stored energy or energy due to position (depends upon composition and structure) |
| activation energy | the energy required to start a reaction |
| law of conversation of energy | energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it is just transferred from one form to another (energy lost/ gained by a system equals, energy gained/ lost by the surroundings) |
| exothermic reactions | release heat (potential energy of the system decreases), energy is written as an product |
| endothermic reactions | absorb heat (potential energy of the system increases), energy is a reactant |
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of the molecules of a substance |
| 100 Celsius, 373 Kelvin, 212 Fahrenheit | boiling point of water |
| 0 Celsius, 273 Kelvin, 32 Fahrenheit | melting point of water |
| -273 Celsius, 0 Kelvin, -459 Fahrenheit | absolute zero |
Created by:
27fierteko