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Bio chp 13 part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tunicates | -Invertebrate marine animals -Defined tissues; bilateral symmetry; deuterostome development -Adults look like balls of jelly -Sessile filter feeders (nonmobile) -Chordate features are present in larvae. |
| Lancelets | -Invertebrate coastal marine animals -Bilaterally symmetrical; deuterostome development -Embryonic and adult tunicates possess all the chordate characteristics. -Filter feeders |
| vertebrates | 1. Lampreys 2. Cartilaginous fishes (jaws) 3. Ray-finned fishes (internal bony) 4. Lobe-finned fishes (lobed) 5. Amphibians (legs w/ multiple digits) 6. Reptiles and birds (AMNIOTIC EGG) 7. Mammals (hair) |
| fishes w/o jaws | -Tail propels organism through water -Feed by attaching oral disk to prey |
| fishes w/ jaws | -Fins provide controlled movement through water -Jaws lined with sharp teeth allow for seizing and chewing prey |
| Cartilaginous fishes | -Characterized by a skeleton made completely from cartilage |
| Ray-finned fishes | -Characterized by rigid bones and fins lined with hardened rays -Possess a swim bladder, which aids in flotation |
| Lobe-finned fishes | -Characterized by two pairs of sturdy fins on the underside of the body |
| from water to land | -problem: respiration solution: lungs -problem: gravity solution: limbs and modified vertebrae - problem: egg desiccation (eggs resist dry out on land) solution: amniotic egg: waterproof eggshell |
| non-amniotes | -reproduce in water -amphibians |
| amniotes | -amniotic egg -reptiles, birds, mammals |
| amphibian life cycle | 1. egg: amphibians have non-amniotic eggs 2. juveniles: Amphibians spend their juvenile stage underwater and undergo metamorphosis to develop legs and lungs 3. adults: Only the adults are true land animals |
| reptiles | -skin covered in scales -Body temperature is controlled by external conditions -snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, alligators |
| birds | -have feathers and wings -Body temperature is maintained by heat generated from cellular respiration (endothermic) |
| endothermy | -heat from within -in mammals: longer legs to become more mobile, and hair |
| mammals | 1. MONOTREMES 2. MARSUPIALS 3. PLACENTAL MAMMALS |
| monotremes | -females lay eggs -produce milk, but have no nipples -only 5 species |
| marsupials | -gestation periods -young complete development in mothers pouch -300 species |
| PLACENTAL MAMMALS | Females have a placenta that provides oxygen and nutrients to embryos in the uterus (elephant) |
| life in the trees | -arboreal -eyes (forward-directing) -arms (shoulders and elbow joints) -fingers and toes (10 fingers and 10 toes) |
| primates | -prosimians (lemurs) -monkeys -apes (gorillas and humans) |
| chimpanzee to modern humans | -diverge about 5 to 6 million years ago -Three major anatomical differences: 1. Bipedalism 2. Brain volume 3. Body size |
| Homo neanderthalensis (Neandertals) | -Europe and the Middle East -Similar in size to modern humans |
| Homo erectus | -Migrated to Asia at least a million years earlier -Still present ~50,000 years ago (Java) -Size of modern humans with smaller brain |
| Homo floresiensis (flores man) | -Only about 3 feet tall |
Created by:
tcas