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psych
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Be able to describe each of the 2 domains of development | Physical includes growth and changes in the body and brain such as height weight and motor skills Cognitive mental processes like learning attention memory language and problem-solving and psychosocial changes in emotions personality and social relations |
| Be able to describe the 3 major theories of human development | Piaget how children's thinking reasoning and problem-solving abilities develop children pass through four stages of cognitive development moving from simple to more complex thinking Kohlberg behavior learned through environment and social interactions |
| Maslow's hierarchy of physiological and emotional needs | Physiological needs, which are basic survival requirements like air, food, water, and shelter and emotional needs which are represented in the higher levels of the pyramid safety love and belonging esteem and self-actualization |
| Which is better intrinsic or extrinsic motivation | Intrinsic motivation is often considered better because it leads to more long-term engagement higher quality work greater creativity and a deeper sense of fulfillment while extrinsic motivation is better for short term goals and providing structure |
| What does locus of control have to do with stress | External locus of control is linked to higher stress levels while an internal locus of control is associated with lower stress |
| Intrinsic motivation | The drive to engage in an activity because it is inherently enjoyable or satisfying rather than for external rewards like money or praise |
| What is the facial feedback hypothesis | Proposes that our facial expressions can influence our emotions |
| What is the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) and is it accurate | A physiological model that describes the body's response to stress it was developed by endocrinologist Hans Selye in the 1930's it is considered accurate as a foundational model but not as a complete explanation of the stress response |
| What is personality | a person's unique and consistent patterns of thinking feeling and behaving |
| PANAS scale | A psychological questionnaire used to measure mood and emotions |
| The humanistic perspective | A psychological approach emphasizing peoples inherent goodness potential for growth and drive toward self-actualization |
| Is personality stable across your lifespan? | Personality is both stable and changeable across the lifespan core traits are relatively stable, but they can also gradually evolve over the lifespan while dramatic sudden changes are rare most people show some degree of personality change |
| Contemporary perceptions of personality | A complex dynamic integration of traits motivations and life narratives shaped by both genetics and environment |
| The catharsis Hypothesis and related research findings | Which proposes that expressing anger like hitting a punching bag reduces aggression is not supported by scientific research instead studies show that venting anger can increase aggressive feelings and behaviors |
| How does stress impact psychological and physiological health | Causing anxiety depression irritability and problems with concentration and memory physiologically it triggers a flight or fight response, and chronic stress can lead to cardiovascular disease headaches muscle tension and a weakened immune system |
| Object permanence | the understanding that an object continues to exist even when you can't see hear or touch it |
| Behaviorism | The theory that behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment not from internal thoughts or feelings |
| What is motivation | The internal process that energizes directs and sustains behavior toward a goal |
| The learning theory perspectives | Frameworks that explain how individuals acquire process and retain knowledge |
| Individualism and collectivism | While individualism prioritizes the needs of the individual collectivism emphasizes the needs of the group |
| components of emotion | Physiological (the body's physical reactions) cognitive (mental appraisals and thoughts) and behavioral (outward expressions like facial expressions and body language) |
| What are ways to cope with stress | using cognitive restructuring to reframe negative thoughts practicing mindfulness to stay present and employing positive self-talk |
| Extrinsic motivation | The drive to engage in an activity for a separable external reward such as praise money or good grades rather than for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself |
| Attachment | a deep enduring emotional bond that connects two people most notably a child to a caregiver |
| Parenting styles | Authorative authoritarian permissive and uninvolved |
| Egocentrism | The inability to see things from another person's perspective viewing everything from one's own viewpoint |
| The social cognitive theory | people learn from one another through observing imitating and modeling others behavior |
| how is the hypothalamus involved in motivation | Initiating and directing goal-oriented behaviors for survival such as eating drinking reproduction and defense by regulating internal drives and connecting to reward systems in the brain |
| Habituation | when you get used to a stimulus and stop responding to it after repeated exposure |
| Accommodation | Changing your existing beliefs or creating new ones to fit new information that doesn't fit what you already know |
| Type A and Type B personality types | Type A personalities are competitive ambitious, and time driven while type B personalities are more relaxed patient and less stressed |
| Importance of body contact and attachment | body contact and emotional comfort are crucial for attachment even more so than the provision of food |
| how do irrational beliefs create or compound stress | distorting reality leading to unhealthy emotional and behavioral responses |
| Conservation | The cognitive ability to understand that the quantity of something like its volume mass or number remains the same even if its appearance changes |
| The SUS measurement | a 10-item questionnaire used to gauge user perceptions of a systems usability |
| The trait perspective | Views personality as being composed of stable internal characteristics called traits which influence how individuals behave across different situations |
| Health Psychology | a subfield of psychology that examines the relationship between psychological factors and physical health |
| Cognition | The mental process of thinking and knowing |
| The psychoanalytic perspective | The unconscious mind, along with early childhood experiences profoundly influences thoughts feelings and behavior |
| Big Five personality traits | Openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness and Neuroticism |
| Sociocultural perspective | a psychological framework that explains how these and other cultural factors influence a person's thoughts feelings and behavior |
| Stranger anxiety | the distress a young child experiences when around people they don't know |
| Schema | a mental framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information about the world |
| Maturation | the natural internal growth process that leads to increased mental and emotional development as a person ages driven primarily by genetics and the nervous systems development |
| stress | the physiological and psychological response to internal or external stressors which are any demands that place a strain on a person's resources |
| Assimilation | the process of incorporating new information into existing mental frameworks or exiting knowledge and beliefs |
| Irrational beliefs | illogical distorted and rigid thoughts that are not based in reality and often lead to unhealthy emotions and self-defeating behaviors |
| emotion | a complex reaction pattern involving experiential behavioral and physiological elements that arises in response to a personally significant event |
| How does being type A or B impact stress and health | type a personality may be more at risk of stress and burnout than people with a type b personality this may be due to the different approaches people with type A or type B personalities tale to deal with and manage stress |
Created by:
aubreyyrice