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HCA 130
Common Diseases, Anatomy and Physiology S 14 - 21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aphasia | Difficulty with speaking, understanding, reading, or writing, usually due to brain damage |
| Apraxia | Trouble performing purposeful movements or gestures, even though their muscles and understanding are normal |
| Dysarthria | Difficulty speaking due to weak or uncoordinated muscles used for speech |
| 3 Types of Aphasia | Receptive, Expressive, Expressive - Receptive |
| Receptive Aphasia | Difficulty understanding spoken or written language, even though speech may still be fluent |
| Expressive Aphasia | Difficulty expressing thoughts through speech or writing, while understanding language is usually intact |
| Expressive–Receptive Aphasia | A combination of both types of aphasia where a person has difficulty understanding language and expressing thoughts through speech or writing |
| Otitis Media | Is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear causing ear pain and fluid buildup, most common in children |
| Otosclerosis | Is an abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that prevents the tiny bones from moving properly, leading to hearing loss |
| Tinnitus | Ringing in the ear |
| Ménière’s Disease | Is a chronic inner ear disorder that causes vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear |
| Ménière’s Disease Symptoms | Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of ear fullness |
| Presbycusis | Is gradual hearing loss due to aging, occurs after age 50 |
| Auditory Processing Disorders (APDs) | Difficulties in the brain’s ability to process and interpret sounds, even when hearing is normal |
| Conjunctivitis | Is inflammation or infection of the eye’s conjunctiva, causing redness, irritation, and discharge (pink eye) |
| Retina | Inner layer of the eye that senses light and colour |
| Macula | A small, central area of the retina in the eye responsible for sharp, detailed central vision and color perception |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD; ARMD) | The breakdown (degeneration) of the macula, the central part of the retina |
| Retinal Detachment | A serious eye condition where the retina separates from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | An eye complication of diabetes where high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina, potentially causing vision problems or blindness |
| Glaucoma | A group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to high intraocular pressure, leading to gradual vision loss or blindness if untreated |
| Cataracts | Clouding of the eye’s natural lens, causing blurred vision and, if untreated, potential vision loss |
| Braille | A tactile writing system used by visually impaired people, consisting of raised dots representing letters, numbers, and punctuation |
| Cerumen | Ear wax |
| Cochlear Implants | Medical device to improve hearing, has 2 parts |
| Illness | The loss of physical and mental health |
| Disability | The loss of physical and mental function |
| Developmental Disability | A permanent disability that a child is born with or begins before 18 years old |
| Individuals who are developmental disabled needs | Lifelong assistance, support, and special services |
| Intellectual Disability | Impaired ability to learn below average intelligence, can learn new skills but at a slower rate |
| Down Syndrome (DS) | Most common genetic cause of mild to moderate intellectual disabilities |
| DS certain features | Small head, flat face, oval-shaped eyes that slant upward, large tongue, short, wide neck, wide, flat nose, small ears, weak muscle tone, short stature |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | A neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a person's ability to communicate and interact with others |
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) | A group of physical and mental abnormalities in a child that result from alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy |
| Fragile X Syndrome | Common inherited cause of mental impairment and the most known cause of autism spectrum disorder |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | Inherited condition, the body lacks an enzyme necessary to process a certain amino acid (phenylalanine) |
| Cerebral Palsy (CP) | A disorder affecting muscle control (palsy) caused by an injury or abnormality in the motor region of the brain (cerebral) |
| 2 Types of Cerebral Palsy (CP) | Spastic Cerebral and Athetoid Cerebral |
| Spastic Cerebral Palsy | Uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles |
| Athetoid Cerebral Palsy | Constant, slow weaving or writhing motions (difficulty reaching) |
| Epilepsy | A brain disorder that causes repeated seizures because of abnormal electrical activity in the brain |
| Spina Bifida | A birth defect where the spine and spinal cord do not form properly, leaving an opening in the backbone |
| Spina Bifida Cystica | A severe form of spina bifida where a visible sac forms on the baby’s back because the spinal cord and tissues did not close properly |
| Meningocele | A sac on the back that contains the spinal cord’s coverings, but not the spinal cord |
| Myelomeningocele | A sac on the back that contains both the spinal cord and its coverings |
| Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) | A disorder that affects attention, impulse control, and activity level, making it harder to focus, sit still, or control actions |
| Rehabilitative Care | Restoring a person to the highest possible level of functioning |
| Restorative Care | Restoring the client to their previous functional level as much as possible |
| Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) | An enlarged prostate gland, common in older men |
| Erectile Dysfunction | The inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual activity |
| Acuity | Refers to the level of care a client requires based on the severity of their condition or symptoms |
| Intensity | Refers to the volume of work that may be required from the health care team to meet the care needs of a pt |
| Complexity | Refers to the range of variables, such as multiple medical diagnosis or challenging family dynamics |
| Bariatric | Obese |
| Kardex | A brief summary of a client’s essential care information |
| Mechanical Soft | Semi-solid foods that are easily digested |
| Temperatures When Pathoges Die | 4 celsius and above 60 celsius |
| Nasogastric (NG) Tube | Inserted through the nose into stomach |
| Nasointestinal Tube | Inserted through the nose to small intestine |
| Gastrostomy Tube | Inserted to the stomach, surgical |
| Regurgitation | Backward flow of food from stomach into the mouth |
| Intravenous Therapy | Giving fluids through an injection port |
| Another Word For Grief | Bereavement |
| Anorexia | Loss of appetite |
| Cachexia | Involuntary weight loss of more than 5% of body weight in 6 months |
| Delirium | Physical state in which the brain cannot send and receive information correctly (confusion) |
| Thrush | A fungal infection in the mouth that causes white patches and soreness |
| Mottled Appearance | Patchy skin pattern with purple, blue, or red spots, usually caused by poor circulation |
| Postmortem | After the client is pronounced dead and when no autopsy |
| Rigor Mortis | The stiffness or rigidity of skeletal muscles that occurs after death |
| Compassion Fatigue | Feeling emotionally and physically drained from caring for others |
| Sodium | Where salt goes fluid follows |
| Adjuvant Analgesis | Combination of pain |
| INNPUT | |
| Iron, Vitamins, Sodium | |
| Pancreas | Controls insulin and glucagon production |
Created by:
jnyrse