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Bio chp 13 part 1
Bio chp 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| animal evolution (body innovations) | 1. defined tissue 2. body symmetry 3. gut development 4. body growth |
| defined tissue | -only sponges tack tissue |
| body symmetry | 1. radial symmetry: arranged around a central axis so parts are divided into multiple halves 2. bilateral symmetry: divided down the middle |
| gut development | -protostome: mouth first, anus second -Deuterostome: anus first, mouth second |
| body growth | -continuous growth: as it says -molting: shed their outer layer |
| phylum ( first 8) | 1. sponges 2. Cnidarians 3. flatworms 4. roundworms 5. annelids 6. mollusks 7.Arthropods 8. echinoderms |
| sponge | -no tissue or organs -body is a hollow tube -Feed by pumping in water, along with bacteria, algae, and more through their pores -5,000 species |
| Cnidarians | -radially symmetrical -Tentacles armed with rows of stinging cells, used to paralyze prey -jellyfish, Sea anemones, corals |
| "worm" | -a term usually applied to long, skinny, slimy animals without backbones -not a monophyletic group -they have: Defined tissues, Protostome development, Bilateral symmetry |
| flatworm | -well defined head and tail regions -Grow by adding body mass -Hermaphroditic and can engage in both sexual and asexual reproduction -Some have a single opening for their digestive tract, which serves as a mouth and anus -tapeworms and flukes |
| roundworm | - Long, narrow, unsegmented body (spiral body) -Surrounded by a strong, flexible cuticle -Must molt in order to grow larger -90000+ |
| annelids | -Segmented body -Grow by adding body mass -Marine polychaetes, Earthworms, Leeches |
| mollusks | -Most have a shell that protects the soft body -Mantle (tissue that forms the shell) -Radula (sandpaper-like tongue structure used during feeding); found in all mollusks except bivalves -Gastropods, Bivalves, Cephalopods |
| arthopods | -Body with distinct segments -Exoskeleton made of chitin -Jointed appendages -insects: three pairs of legs -millipedes: many sets of legs -ARACHNIDS: usually four pairs of legs -CRUSTACEANS: many pairs of legs (crab) |
| echinoderms | -Enclosed by a hard skeleton -larvae bilaterally symmetrical -adults are radially symmetrical -sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers |
| metamorphasis | -allows insects to grow despite having a rugged exoskeleton -three life stages |
| complete meta. | 1. larva: an egg hatches into a larva, growing as it molts several times until large enough to enter the pupal stage 2. pupa: larva encloses itself in a case (body structures are broken down and new adult ones arrive) 3. adult: adult emerges from pupa |
| incomplete meta. | 1. nymph: egg hatches into a nymph, resembling a small version of the adult (but without wings or reproductive organs), growing as it molts several times 2. adult: reaches adult size and nymph stops molting |
| phylum- vertebra | -chordates: four distinct body structures 1. Notochord 2. Dorsal hollow nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal slits 4. Post-anal tail -tunicates, Lancelets, Vertebrates |
| Notochord | -A rod of tissue extending from the head to the tail -Simpler chordates retain the notochord throughout life -In more complex chordates, the notochord in early embryos is replaced by a backbone |
| Dorsal hollow nerve cord | -Nerve cord that extends along the animal’s back -In vertebrates, the nerve cord eventually forms the spinal cord and brain |
| Pharyngeal slits | -Slits through which water is passed in order to breathe and feed -In many chordates (including humans), the slits disappear as the embryo develops |
| Post-anal tail | -Tail that extends beyond the posterior (back) end of the digestive system -Some vertebrates (including humans) have a tail only briefly, during embryonic development |
Created by:
tcas