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chapters 11 and 12 b

TermDefinition
Double Helix twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other.
Gene functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation.
Chromosone DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another.
RNA a nucleic acid that is similar to DNA; however, it contains the sugar ribose, the base uracil instead of thymine, and usually is single stranded.
Messanger RNA type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomal RNA type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes.
Transfer RNA type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome.
RNA polymerase enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis.
DNA A nucleic acid composed of nucelotides
Replication process that occurs in cells to copy DNA
Replication fork Template strands and growing strand form a y-like structure
Semi-conservative replication method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand.
Helicase enzyme that unwinds and unzips the double helix
Ligase enzyme that chemically links DNA fragments together.
DNA polymerase an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to an existing DNA strand
Transcription process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA.
Translation process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled.
Polypeptide Long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming the structure of a protein
Codon three-base code in DNA or RNA.
Anticodon three-base coding sequence that is complementary to a codon on mRNA that is read 3' to 5'
Genetic code the set of rules that cells use to translate genetic information into proteins
Mutations permanent change in a cell’s DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes.
Central dogma of biology DNA codes for RNA, which directs the synthesis of proteins
Created by: taytay131313
 

 



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