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immune system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| harmful or disease-causing microorganisms | pathogens |
| first line of defense | skin and mucous membrane |
| second line of defense | phagocytes, fever, inflammation, and natural killers |
| kills pathogens by surrounding and engulfing | phagocytes |
| (big eaters) which derive from white blood cells from monocytes | macrophages |
| white blood cell that is floating around in our blood, when pathogens trigger it, it goes into the tissues and become macrophages | monocytes |
| more of this than any other phagocytes | neutrophils |
| most common white blood cell | neutrophils |
| attack and kill parasitic worms | eosinophils |
| release chemical histamine which brings out inflammations | mast cell |
| surround and engulfs pathogens | phagocytosis |
| target pathogens and kills it | natural killers |
| what are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation | redness, heat, swelling, pain, and impaired functions |
| what do macrophages start out as | monocytes |
| leukocytes and macrophages | pyrogens |
| what are pyrogens | leukocytes and macrophages |
| how is fever initiated and specifically, how does it defend the body | leukocytes and macrophages initiate fever and the liver and spleen releases iron and sine that limits bacteria |
| what are both b and t cells | lymphocytes |
| make antibodies and protects us with them, they do not kill antigens but they bind and hold | b-cells |
| b-cells | make antibodies and protects us with them, they do not kill antigens but they bind and hold |
| what do plasma cells produce | antibodies |
| they kill and target antigens, do not produce antibodies (cellular) | t-cells |
| t-cells | they kill and target antigens, do not produce antibodies (cellular) |
| what is humoral immunity/anti-body mediated immunity | targets and clones from plasma cells |
| anything that triggers an immune response | antigens |
| where they go to get their targeted antigen | immunocompetent |
| name the primary and secondary lymphoid organs | primary- red bone marrow and thymus secondary- lymph node and spleen |
| first time that particular antigen activated an immune response | primary immune response |
| stronger, bigger immune response, second time that particular antigen activates an immune response | secondary immune response |
| first thing that produces after activation of b-cell | clone |
| trigger and activate an immune response | memory cell |
| produce anitibodies | plasma cells |
| compare and contrast active and passive acquired immunity | active natural- getting sick by spreading active artificial- vaccine with pathogens passive natural- baby drinking breast milk getting antibodies passive artificial- getting injections with antibodies |
| as completely and specifically as possible, describe each of the following as it relates to the immune system | The 1st line of defense is the skin and mucous membrane that acts as a physical barrier that protects against pathogens such as bacteria and virus. |
| continue 2 | The 2nd line of defense protects the body from pathogens with phagocytes, natural killers, fever, and inflammation which it's used when pathogens get passed the 1st line of defense. |
| continue 3 | The 3rd line defense involves with b-cells which protect the body with antibodies, they do not kill but bind and hold for something else to kill them, while there's also t-cells which do not produce antibodies but kill antigens directly. |
| continue 4 | Primary response is the 1st time that particular antigen has activated and triggered an immune response. |
| continue 5 | Secondary response is that particular antigen that activates an immune response and if it's a b-cell, they produce more antibodies and hold tire and are triggered by memory cells left from primary cells. |
Created by:
jennitired