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Chapter 5 Chem Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are protons? | Positively charged particles in the nucleus |
| What are neutrons? | Neutral particles in the nucleus |
| What are electrons? | Negatively charged particles outside the nucleus |
| What is the atomic number? | The number of protrons that defines the element |
| What is the mass number? | The number that is protrons + neutrons |
| An atom has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, what is the mass number? | The mass number is 16 |
| What element has 8 protons? | Oxygen |
| What is a positive ion? | An atom that lost electrons |
| What is a negative ion? | An atom that gained electrons |
| If a calcium atom (Ca) has 20 protons, if it becomes Ca+2 ion, how many electrons does it have? | It would have 18 electrons (lost 2) |
| If phosphorus, which has 15 protons, gains 3 electrons, how many electrons does it have? | 15 protons, 18 electrons |
| What are isotopes? | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
| What are products? | Substances that are formed (right side of the equation) |
| What are reactants? | The starting materials (left side of the equation) |
| What is activation energy? | The minimum energy needed to start a reaction |
| What is a catalyst? | A substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed |
| What is endergonic? | Something that requires energy input from surroundings |
| What is exergonic? | Something that releases energy to surroundings |
| What is Cohesion? | When water molecules stick to eachother |
| What is Adhesion? | When water sticks to other surfaces |
| What is a polar molecule? | Oxygen side is slightly negative, and the hydrogen side is slightly positive |
| What is a solvent? | The substance that dissolves another |
| What is a solute? | The substance that is being dissolved |
| If the pH is less than 7 it is _______? | Acidic |
| If the pH is greater than 7 it is _______? | A base/Alkaline |
| If the pH is equal to 7 it is _______? | Neutral |
| What are the 4 major macromolecules? | Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acids, and Lipids. |
| What do carbohydrates do? | Store energy |
| What do proteins do? | Have structure, have enzymes, transport |
| What do nucleic acids do? | Store genetic information |
| What do lipids do? | Store energy and have membranes |
| What is dehydration reaction (condensation)? | Links monomers by removing water |
| What is a hydrolysis reaction? | Breaks apart polymers by adding water |
| What is glucose? | A simple sugar, energy |
| What is starch? | How plants store glucose |
| What is glycogen? | How animals store glucose |
| What is cellulose? | A structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls |
| What do proteins do? | Build tissues, transport molecules, fight diseases, and regulates cell processes |
| What do proteins NOT do? | Stores and transmits genetic information |
| How many amino acids link together to create proteins? | 20 |
| What is the nucleic structure? | Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base |
| What is a type of nucleic acid? | DNA, RNA |
| What is RNA? | Transfers genetic information (ribose sugar) |
| What is DNA? | Stores genetic information (deoxyribose sugar) |
| Do lipids repell water or are they hydrophobic? | Yes |
| What is the main function of lipids? | To store energy |
| Are lipids nonpolar? | Yes |
| What do phospholipids do? | Form the bilayer of cell membranes |
| What is the hydroxyl group? | It turns a hydrocarbon into an alcohol |
| What is the carboxyl group? | It is found in amino acids and fatty acids |
| What is the amino group? | It is found in just amino acids |
| What is the phosphate group? | It is found in nucleotides and ATP |
| What is the structure of cell membranes? | Two layers of phospholipids |
| What are the hydrophilic heads of cell membranes? | They face outward (toward water) |
| What are the hydrophobic tails of cell membranes? | They face inward (away from water) |
| What is the function of cell membranes? | It selectively controls what enters and exits the cell? |
| What does lower activation energy do? | They make reactions happen faster |
| Are enzymes reusable, can they return to their original shape after releasing the product? | Yes |
| What is the usual optimal tempature for human enzymes? | 37 degrees C |
| What happens when enzymes get too hot? | They lose shape and funtion |
| What happens when enzymes get too cold? | They still work, just slowly |
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