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genetics exam 4!!

QuestionAnswer
position effect variegation (PEV) the thing in flies where genes can be silenced if the nucleosome moves over too much and conceals it and its one with the heterochromatin region genes NOT silenced in euchromia GENE REMAINS WT NOT MUTANT, JUST SILENCED AND IT SHOWS MUTANT PHENOTYPE
2-aminopurine chemical mutogen nucleotide base analog results in C changed to T so C-G to T-A results in transition base mutation
5-bromodeoxyuridine chemical mutogen nucleotide base analog G to A changed, so G-C and A-T results in transition mutation
ethyl methanosulfonate chemical mutogen alkylating agent turns G to A so G-C to A-T
hydroxylamine chemical mutagen hydroxylating agent causes transition mutation (C to T so C-G to T-A)
nitrous oxide chemical mutogen deaminating agent causes transition mutation (C-G to T-A)
oxygen radicals chemical mutogen oxidative agent results in TRANSVERSION mutation G-C to T-A
transition mutation base pair one hwere its purine for puring pyrimadine for pyrimadine c for t and a for g
transversion mutation across categories purine for pyrimadine and pyrimadine for purine
intercalating agents able to fit between DNA base pairs on the same strand cause FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS
photoproducts result of radiation mutation some of the H bonds connecting 2 strands move to connect adjacent nucleotides during replication theres no place to put complementary base, so its skipped! this LEADS TO GAPS AND BREAKAGES
3 repair system mechanisms for DNA damage direct repair nucleotide excision recombination repair
direct repair directly fixes the problem, no replacement necessary or nothin the one that i dont think humans have--the photolyase that braks the H bonds in photoproducts for example
nucleotide base excision when we take out the wrong nucleotide and put in the right one and make the right bonds
recombination repair take out chunk of DNA and use the other strand as a template for reconstruction! can do with single and double stranded
2 mechanisms of double stranded breakage fixing non homologous end joining synthesis dependent strand annealing
autopolyploid polyploidy arose within the species one mom had failure to segregate and so did the dad, they joined and made tetraploidy for example can make their own species NOT STERILE;
when is something sterile when chromosome numbers dont match if meiosis doesnt work out it cant make gametes so it cant reproduce
when do we see semisteriliity when 1/2 the gametes are viable but 1/2 arent 50% of time youll get sterility but sometimes itll work out we see with translocations and inversions sometimes
what makes gametes inviable if part of it is lost (peracentric inversion) if a chromosome has too many of one gene and missing another (dosage issues) (pericentric inversion and adjacent translocation
alternate translocation GOOD normal
pseudolinkage
Created by: user-1759191
 

 



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