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Animal Science
Beef & Dairy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what states is the commercial feedlot industry primarily concentrated? | Kansas, Nebraska, and Texas |
| What component of the beef industry feeds a high percentage of grains and/or grain by-products? | Feedlot |
| What is the primary purpose of quality grades? | To predict palatability of the meat |
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a stocker/backgrounding operation? | Fattening of cattle to increase marbling and improve quality grades. |
| This term is used to describe an operation which, for a fee, provides the feed, labor, and facilities to finish cattle to market weight, even though the cattle are owned by someone else. | custom feeding |
| How much does a market steer commonly weigh (live weight) when harvested? | 1350lbs |
| A composite evaluation of factors which affect the yield of lean meat from a carcass that provides an estimate of the percentage yield of boneless trimmed retail cuts is called: | yield grades |
| The majority of beef cattle in the U.S. are associated with what kind of beef production: | commercial |
| Which of the following most closely represents the average weight of a weaned steer at approximately 6-8 months of age? | 600lbs |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of a stocker-grower operation? | Fall-weaned calves are sent directly to the feedlot where they are fed a high-concentrate diet. |
| Given the average gestation length of a beef cow, within how many days of calving must that cow be rebred in order to generate a 365-day calving interval (i.e., produce a calf every 365 days)? | 80 days |
| This state has seen significant increases in dairy production over the last decade as operations from other states move in. It now ranks #3 in dairy production. | idaho |
| Approximately, how many cows are associated with an average dairy operation in the U.S. today? | 360cows |
| What breed of dairy cow, on average, produces the greatest yield (lbs) of milk? | Holstein |
| What dairy product is LEAST likely to be traded in significant amounts on the world market? | Fluid Milk |
| When is a dairy cow most likely to lose body weight and condition? | During early lactation because this is the period of high milk production and lagging dry matter intake. |
| Which of the following grades are associated with milk? | Grades A & B |
| How many dairies do we have today, compared to the early 2000's? | The number of dairies today is less than 1/2 of what existed in the early 2000s. |
| What region of the world has the greatest per-capita milk consumption? | Europe |
| What is the #1 ranked state in dairy production? | California |
| During what period of lactation, does one actually expect the high producing dairy cow to actually lose body weight and condition. | Early lactation |
| True / False -- On average, Nebraska dairies are actually larger (more cows) and have greater average per cow milk production than the national average. | true |
| Which grade of milk may be used for fluid milk consumption? | only grade A |
| Which of the following beef grades is produced from young, well-fed beef cattle, it has slightly abundant marbling and is generally sold in upscale restaurants? | prime |
| Given the weight of a typical, finished market steer in the beef industry and an average dressing percentage, which of the following represents a typical carcass weight in the beef industry today? | 850lbs |
| In what phase of the beef industry is the majority of grain fed to beef cattle? | Feedlot |
| What type of official USDA grades provide an estimate of the percentage of boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts that one can expect from the four major wholesale cuts of beef? | Yield Grades |
| In what segment of the beef industry are cattle typically housed in greater density, drylot pens? | feedlot sector |
| As of January 1, 2024, what is the #1 ranked cattle feeding state in the U.S.? This state had 2.87 million head of cattle on feed, approximately 20% of the U.S. total. | Texas |
| Quality grades provide an estimate of expected palatability of meat from a carcass. | True |
| In 2023, what country exported the most total pounds of beef; 3 million metric tons representing 25% of all beef exports in the world? It's not the U.S., but it's a primary competitor of the U.S. beef industry. | Brazil |
| On average, how much milk will be produced by a single cow during a standard lactational period? | 24,000lbs of milk |
| True / False -- Approximately 65 % of all cows milked and 68 % of all milk produced are associated with about 8% of all dairy operations that milk in excess of 1000 cows. | true |
| What country has greatest volume (metric tons) of cow's milk produced? | |
| In general, what determines the milk "grade"? | Type of dairy facilities and general sanitation of those facilities. |
| Today, what is the per capita (per person, per year) milk consumption in the U.S.? | 16 gallons |
| What term is used to describe the situation when a lactating dairy cow is unable to meet its nutrient requirements (primarily energy) through daily consumption of feed? As a result, this cow will typically lose body weight and condition. | Negative Energy Balance |
| While the standard dry period is 60 days, most modern dairies have found a 40-45 day dry period to be more optimal. | true |
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