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Ch. 14 & 15 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| personality | the consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person |
| unconscious | the part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious processes and behaviors |
| id | the part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material |
| ego | the part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways |
| superego | the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and counteracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id |
| defense mechanisms | certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances |
| collective unconscious | the part of the mind that contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people |
| archetype | an inherited idea, based on the experiences of one’s ancestors, which shapes one’s perception of the world |
| inferiority complex | a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source |
| behaviorism | belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior—and nothing else |
| contingencies of reinforcement | the occurrence of rewards or punishments following particular behaviors |
| humanistic psychology | a school of psychology that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of maximum potential by each unique individual |
| self-actualization | the humanist term for realizing one’s unique potential |
| self | one’s experience or image of oneself, developed through interaction with others |
| positive regard | viewing oneself in a favorable light due to supportive feedback received from interaction with others |
| conditions of worth | the conditions a person must meet in order to regard himself or herself positively |
| unconditional positive regard | the perception that individuals’ significant others value them for what they are, which leads the individuals to grant themselves the same favorable opinion or view |
| fully functioning | having the person and self coincide |
| trait | a tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable over time |
| cardinal trait | a characteristic or feature that is so pervasive the person is almost identified with it |
| factor analysis | a complex statistical technique used to identify the underlying reasons variables are correlated |
| surface trait | a stable characteristic that can be observed in certain situations |
| source trait | a stable characteristic that can be considered to be at the core of personality |
| stress | a person’s reaction to his or her inability to cope with a certain tense event or situation |
| stressor | a stress-producing event or situation |
| stress reaction | the body’s response to a stressor |
| distress | stress that stems from acute anxiety or pressure |
| eustress | positive stress, which results from motivating strivings and challenges |
| conflict situation | when a person must choose between two or more options that tend to result from opposing motives |
| social support | Information that leads someone to believe that he or she is cared for, loved, respected, and part of a network of communication and mutual obligation |
| congestive appraisal | the interpretation of an event that helps determine its stress impact |
| intellectualization | a coping mechanism in which the person analyzes a situation from an emotionally detached viewpoint |
| progressive relaxation | lying down comfortably and tensing and releasing the tension in each major muscle group in turn |
| biofeedback | the process of learning to control bodily states by monitoring the states to be controlled |
Created by:
woodfordH