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Chapter 6A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| salivary glands | upper GI system, accessory organ |
| mouth | upper GI system,accessory organ |
| pharynx (throat) | upper GI system,direct digestive system |
| esophagus | upper GI system, direct digestive system |
| stomach | Upper GI system, direct digestive system |
| Liver | bile, accessory organ |
| pancreas | enzymes, accessory organ |
| gallbladder | bile, accessory organ |
| duodenum | small intestine, direct digestive system |
| jejunum | small intestine, direct digestive system |
| ileum | small intestine, direct digestive system |
| cecum | large intestine,direct digestive system |
| ascending colon | large intestine,direct digestive system |
| transverse colon | large intestine, direct digestive system |
| descending colon | large intestine, direct digestive system |
| sigmoid colon | large intestine,direct digestive system |
| rectum | large intestine,direct digestive system |
| anus | large intestine, direct digestive system |
| bilirubin | orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces |
| bolus | mass of masticated food ready for swallowing |
| exocrine | type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel |
| sphincter | circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body |
| triglycerides | organic compound a true fat that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids |
| oral cavity | known as the mouth if a receptacle for food |
| bucca | cheeks |
| teeth | play an important role in the initial stages of digestion by breaking down food |
| mastication | breaking down food |
| dentin | the main structure of the tooth |
| pulp | the innermost part of the tooth |
| gums (gingiva) | teeth are embedded in pink fleshy tissue |
| tongue | assists the chewing process by manipulating the bolus of food during chewing and moving it to the back of the mouth for swallowing |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| papillae | rough projections on the surface of the tongue contains taste buds |
| hard palate | the structure forming the roof of the mouth anterior portion |
| soft palate | the structure forming the roof of the mouth posterior portion |
| pharynx | throat |
| uvula | soft fleshy v-shaped structure |
| trachea | the lowest portion of the pharynx divides into two tubes one that leads to the lungs |
| esophagus | the lowest portion of the pharynx divides into two tubes one that leads to the stomach |
| epiglottis | a small flag of cartilage |
| stomach | a sac-like structure located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity |
| duodenum | the uppermost segment which is approximately 10 inches long |
| lower esophageal (cardiac) | the terminal portion of the esophagus |
| body | of the stomach the large central portion |
| fundus | of the stomach the upper portion mainly storage areas |
| pylorus | funnel shaped terminal portion |
| rugae | gradually unfold as the stomach fills |
| chyme | secretions from these glands coupled up with the mechanical churning of the stomach turn the bolus into semi liquid form |
| pyloric sphincter | leaves the stomach to enter the duodenum |
| peristalsis | food is propelled through the entire Gi tract by coordinated rhythmic muscle contractions |
| jejunum | thick is approximately 8 feet long |
| ileum | which is approximately 12 feet long |
| pancreas | accessory organ |
| liver | accessory organ |
| villi | nutrients in chyme are absorbed through microscopic finger-like projections |
| ileocecal valve | at the terminal end of the small intestine a sphincter muscle |
| cecum | a small pouch that hangs inferior to the ileocecal valve |
| appendix | a small worm-like structure that with no apparent function that can be inflamed |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
| ascending colon | extends from the cecum to the lower border of the liver to form |
| hepatic flexure | formed from the ascending colon |
| transverse colon | the colon continues across the abdomen to the left side |
| spleen | a structure the transverse colon curves beneath |
| splenic flexure | forms from the transverse colon |
| descending colon | as the transverse colon turns downwards it becomes the |
| sigmoid colon | the descending colon continues until it forms the |
| rectum | the descending colon continues until it forms the |
| anus | the last part of the GI tract |
| endocrine | gland that secretes insulin directly into the bloodstream to maintain normal glucose levels |
| pancreatic duct | the pancreas produces digestive enzymes that pass into the duodenum |
| hepatic duct | the pancreatic duct extends along the pancreas and together from the liver |
| gallbladder | a sac-like structure on the inferior surface of the liver serves as a storage area for bile |
| common bile duct | when bile is needed for digestion the gallbladder releases it into the duodenum |
| right hepatic duct and left hepatic duct | bile is drained from the liver through these structures |
| cystic duct | of the gallbladder merges with the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct which leads to the duodenum |
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