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Philosophy Unit 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mind/Body Problem | How does the mind communicate/relate to the body? |
| Cartesian Dualism | Mind and body are two fundamentally different things . (God is the 3rd things) |
| Causal Interactionism | Mind and body are two different things that causally interact with one another |
| Parallelism | Mind and body work simultaneously without any causal interaction |
| Epiphenomenalism | Mental events are caused by physical events in the brain but have no causal effects on the physical world |
| Dual Aspect Theory | Mind and body aren't separate substances but instead different aspects of one single reality |
| Behaviorism | Mind is caused by physical behaviors, not private thoughts |
| Radical Behaviorism | ALL behavior is caused by environment not thoughts |
| Logical Behaviorism | Mental states are a set of behavioral dispositions |
| Qualia | The subjective conscious experiences of an individual |
| Identity Theory | Mental states are identical to physical brain states |
| Type Identity Theory | Each class of mental states corresponds to a class of brain state |
| Token Identity Theory | Each mental state corresponds to a specific brain state |
| Eliminative Materialism | We will get to a point where we wont say "im sad" we will just scientifically describe our mental states |
| Rene’ Descartes & Cartesian Dualism | Rene Descartes founded Cartesian dualism = Mind, body, and God |
| B.F. Skinner & Behaviorism | BF Skinner was a big philosopher in behaviorism or explaining mental states in behaviors only |
| Gilbert Ryle & Category Mistake | Gilbert Ryle British philosopher, thought of category mistake = Language that we use about consciousness and mental states are mistaken, we can express those ideas in terms of behavior |
| J.J.C. Smart & Identity Theory | JJC Smart australian philosopher thought of identity theory or that mental states are the same as brain states |
| Paul Churchland & Eliminative Materialism | Paul Churchland Canadian philosopher who argued for eliminative materialism |
| Frank Jackson & Mary’s Room Objection | Frank Jackson = Australian philosopher famous for Mary's room = if someone knew everything about a color theyd still learn something upon seeing it |
| John Searle & The Chinese Room Objection | American philosopher famous for Chinese room or thought that someone could translate Chinese without knowing it |
| Alan Turing & the Turing Test | Alan Turing British mathmetician, Turing test is basically if humans can decipher if who they are talking to is a human or computer |
| Hard Determinism | Everything that happens including thoughts has previously been decided/fated |
| Libertarian Free Will | Humans aren't predetermined and have free will |
| Compatibilism (Soft Determinism) | Thought process that determinism and free will are compatible |
| Agent Causation | Someone or something can be a cause for an event and not just being previously determined |
| Moral Responsibility | Being accountable for others doing what's morally correct |
| Existentialism | Emphasis of free will in a person, discovering self purpose |
| Self-Forming Actions/Choices | Actions that shape someone where the outcome isn't determined or known |
| Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) | Everything must have a cause or reason |
| Principle of Alternate Possibilities | Someone is only morally responsible for an action if they could've done otherwise |
| Fyodor Dostoyevsky & the point of Notes from the Underground & Advantageous Advantage | Challenged self interest ideology and said we have free will |
| Thich Nhat Hanh & the Television Example | Mindfulness and buddhist |
| Keiji Nishitani & Karma Fate | Karma keeps up in check, Keiji was Buddhist |
| Jonathan Edwards & Argument from Divine Foreknowledge | Edwards argument asserted incompatibility of free will and determinism |
| Baron Paul Henri d’Holbach & Hard Determinism | Holbach father in hard determinism which states EVERYTHING is due to behaviors |
| Daniel Dennett & the 3 Boogeyman Examples | People are afraid to accept determinism. 3 boogeyman are an invisible jailor, nefarious neurosurgeon, and malevolent mindreader |
| Robert Kane & Wiggle Room & Self-Forming Actions/Choices vs. Auto-Pilot Actions | Kane believed there is wiggle room in the mind and that self forming actions guide us |
| Immanuel Kant & Experiential Freedom | Subjective feeling of freedom |
| Jean Paul Sartre & “Experience precedes essence.” | Humans aren't born with purpose or predetermined fate, must make their own |
| Harry Frankfurt & Frankfurt Cases | Thought experiments to challenge principals of alternative possibilities |
| Indeterminism | Theory that not all events are caused by prior events |
Created by:
rwancr