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Psych exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What mneumonic device did he use to remember pie? | Chunking |
| Proactive vs Retroactive | In the sensory memory specially called interference -proactive: old info blocks or disrupts the learning/ retrieval of new info -retroactive: new info blocks or disrupts retrieval of old info |
| What's positive punishment | positive punishment: presenting an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the chances that behavior will reoccur (spanking, electric shock, etc.) |
| True or false: procedural memory is also called non-declarative memory | True |
| What area of the brain controls all things emotion? | amygdala |
| IPT 3 components IPT= information processing theory | 1) encoding: processing of info. into the memory system 2) storing: retention of encoded info. over time 3) retrieving: process of getting info out of memory storage |
| Someone has a headache and takes an Aspirin. What's the aspirin in the situation? | Negative Reinforcement |
| Who said "if you want to throw logic out the window, just add emotion to it" | Dr. Robert Kirk |
| 4 Terms related to conditioning | -Generalization: the tendency of a stimulus similar to a CS to elicit a response similar to the CR -Discrimination: ability to distinguish between a CS and a NS -extinction: when a CS is repeatedly presented without the US, it will cease to elicit the |
| 4 terms cont. | -spontaneous recovery: when a CR reappears after being extinguished, even without further conditioning |
| What is sensory memory? | Sensory memory has two different types -Iconic: automatically holds visual stimuli for about 1/4 of a second or more -echoic: automatically holds auditory stimuli for just a few seconds |
| classical conditioning 3 steps (step 2) | step two: establish classical conditioning -repeatedly, present NS (tone)... brief pause... present US (food)... observe UR (salivation) |
| what's Instincts? | Innate tendencies or biological forces that determine behavior |
| Maintance Rehearsal | Intentionally repeating or rehearsing info so it stays in the STM longer |
| What's the difference deep vs shallow processing | - Deep processing: encoding semantically based on meaning -surface processing: encoding based on structure or appearance |
| what 2 brain structures play a huge role to procedural/non-declarative memory | -the cerebellum -Basal Ganglia |
| Who hasn't done any work on EI? | |
| Serial positioning effects | 1) primacy effect- recalling the first items in a list 2) recency effect- recalling the last items in a list (middle content gets fuzzy) |
| who came up with the two-factor theory? | Schachter and Singer |
| Affective Neuroscience | studies the underlying neural systems that evaluate stimuli and contribute to experiencing and expressing emotions |
| What is mirror neurons? | mirror neurons- a specialized set of neurons that become active both during motor action and during the observation of another's action |
| Sigmund Freud says this self-defense mechanism hides things from the conscious mind | Repression |
| LTP long term potentiation theory | pick d bro idk number 48 |
| 4 subcomponents for EQ | 1) understanding/awareness of your own emotions 2) emotion regulation (typically neg emotions) 3)understanding/awareness of others' emotions 4) response to their emotions |
| "Universal emotions" facial expressions | 1) happiness 2)anger 3)fear 4)surprise 5)sadness 6) disgust 7) contempt |
| when traveling abroad, you see two roosters in a cockfight. What type of behavior is that? | Instincts- fixed action pattern |
| True or False: You are more likely to remember something you find familiar or interesting rather than something you find uninteresting or unfamiliar | True |
| Types of reinforcers | -Positive reinforcement: strengthen behavior through positive reinforcer (treats, praise, money) -negative reinforcement: increasing behavior by stopping/reducing negative stimuli (aspirin for headache) |
| Types of reinforcers cont. | -primary reinforcers: stimuli that are innately satisfying and required (food, water, sleep, sex) -secondary reinforcers: stimuli that has acquired reinforcement power (good grades, material things) |
| What did Abraham Maslow develop | Maslow's hierarchy of needs: level one: physiological needs level two: safety needs level three: love and belonging level four: esteem needs level five: self-actualization (Og pinnacle) level six: self-transcendence |
| on average, when do long term memories form? | 3 and 1/2 years to 5 years old |
| what are the two theories of emotion? | -self-determination theory -humanistic psychological theory |
| Tony Braxton suffered a TBI and can no longer recall significant events prior to the injury, but can still tie her shoes, what is this memory known as | Nondeclarative long-term memory (in the cerebellum) |
| E.L. Thorndike developed the law of effect, what is it | Law of effect: behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely while behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely |
| operant/instrumental conditioning | -learning that occurs in which a behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher |
| classical conditioning | -occurs when one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events |
| question #25 | B- self-determination theory |
| While drunk you lose your keys then when you get drunk later again you remember where your keys are, what kind of memory is this? | State dependent memory |
| pinnacle the new edition for Maslow's needs | Self-transcendence |
| Approach to emotions that seem most logical more often than not (which theory of emotion) | Self-determination theory |
| The most well-preserved memories throughout your lifetime even as you age and memory goes bad | emotionally salient memories when the hippocampus and amygdala work together u aint forgetting shit |
| Who was known as the rat tickler? | Jaak Panksepp |
| retrograde vs anterograde amnesia | retrograde: an inability to retrieve info from the past anterograde: an inability to form new memories |
| Key characteristics of motivation | -energized: to do something -directed towards a goal -differing intensifies to reaching a goal |
| who developed the self-determination theory? | Deci and Ryan |
| based purely on notes: Alcohol and memory... | Don't mix |
| main distinction between working and short-term memory | short term memory- activated memory that holds limited info for a short period of time working memory - focuses on conscious, active memory processes key difference: working is active and ongoing |
| implicit vs explicit memory | implicit: unconscious unintentional influence of past experiences on present behavior, skills and habits explicit: conscious intentional recall of facts and personal experiences |
| feeling guilty for not doing something (going to church) is what kind of motivation? | introjected motivation |
| Who is Bethany Hamilton | surfer who got her arm bit off by a shark then continued to surf afterwards and still won shit I know that's right #girlboss |
| Who said that your physiological things (heart rate going up, bp going up etc.) causes fear | James-Lange theory (functionalism) |
| True or False: Dr. Kirk's research shows that people who are intrinsically motivated are happier than extrinsically motivated people | True |
| Question #48 | D- Long term potentiation |
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