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Micro

Antimicrobial Drugs

QuestionAnswer
What's the goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy? Administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent WITHOUT harming the host's cell The perfect drug doesn't exist
Characteristics of the ideal antimicrobial drug? (8) Toxic to the microbe but safe for host Microbicidal Microbiostatic Remains active long enough to act Doesn't lead to antimicrobial resistance Delivered to the site of infection Reasonably priced Does not disrupt the host health by causing allergie
What does microbicidal mean? Kills bacteria
What does microbiostatic mean? Inhibits growth
(Terminology of antimicrobials) what is a Chemotherapeutic drug? Any chemical used in the treatment relief or prophylaxis of a disease
(Terminology of antimicrobials) What is prophylaxis? Use of a drug to prevent imminent infection Toothbrushes and instrument of prophylaxis
(Terminology of antimicrobials) What is antimicrobial chemotherapy? The use of drugs to control infection
(Terminology of antimicrobials) What is Antimicrobials? ALL inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug
(Terminology of antimicrobials) What is Antibiotic? Generally the term used for drugs targeting bacteria
(Terminology of antimicrobials) What does narrow spectrum mean? Antimicrobials effect against LIMITED microbial types
(Terminology of antimicrobials) What does the broad spectrum mean? Antimicrobial effect against a WIDE VARIETY of microbial types
(Terminology of antimicrobials) What does semisynthetic drugs mean? Modified in the laboratory after being isolated from NATURAL sources
(Terminology of antimicrobials) what does synthetic drugs mean? Produced ENTIRELLY by chemical reactions within a LABORATRY setting
Antibiotics are common metabolic products of what? bacteria and fungi
What can antibiotics do? Inhibit the growth of other microorganisms Selective advantages has allowed the Genes to be preserved in evolution
What are the three factors that must be known before starting antimicrobial therapy? 1=The IDENTITY of the microorganism causing the infection 2= The degree of microorganisms SUSCEPTIBILITY to various drugs 3= The overall medical condition of the patient
before any antimicrobial drug is given what direct examination do you have to do? Direct examination of body fluid sputum or stool
What's some common tests used for testing for drug sustainability? (3) Kirby-bauer technique (the antibiotics on a plate) and MIC= Minimum inhibitory concentration Tube dilution test
What is minimum inhibitory concentration? Lowest dosage of concentration of a chemical which prevents visible growth
What is the tube dilution test? Used in defining smallest effective dosage of a drug Comparison against other antimicrobials
List the mechanisms of the cell that antimicrobial drugs attack/fight? (6 of them) Plasma membrane ribosomes Metabolic pathways DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis Cell wall
what is the antimicrobial drug classes? (Antibiotics Can Terminate Protein Synthesis For Microbial Cells Like Germs) 1. Aminoglycosides 2. Cephalosporins 3. Tetracyclines 4. Penicillins 5. Sulfonamides 6. Fluoroquinolones 7. Macrolides 8. Carbapenems 9. Lincosamides 10. Glycopeptides
(Antibacterial drugs targeting the cell wall) Penicillins can be? Obtained naturally or synthesized in a laboratory
(Antibacterial drugs targeting the cell wall) Penicillin consists of three parts what are they? Thiazolidine ring Beta lactam ring Variable side chains
Augmentin is what? Amoxicillin Plus clavulanic acid
Antibiotics and biofilms? 1000 times less sensitive Treatments Interrupting quorum sensing pathways adding DNase to antibiotics pretreatment
Three major modes of action? BARRING= penetration of the virus into the host cells BLOCKING= the transcription and translation of viral molecules PREVENTING= maturation of viral particles
invasive devices? Dialysis tubing Urinary catheters Feeding tubes Breathing tubes intravascular catheters
Drugs in animal feed? Nearly 80% of all antibiotics in the US are given to livestock jump to humans and cause drug resistant infections
what are probiotics and what do they do? Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines yogurt
Antibiotics side effects? diarrhea bloating and indigestion abdominal pain loss of appetite being sick feeling sick itchy skin rash coughing life threatening allergic reaction
what is a superinfection? a super infection is an infection that happens bcs the antibiotic treatment 4 a first infection has destroyed your beneficial residence species allowing other microbes to overgrow & cause disease C diff =example
What is a super bug? a super bug is a strain of bacteria that has become resistant 2 multiple antibiotics making it very hard 2 treat
Created by: hw0993422
 

 



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