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Stack #4567112
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what does the cerebellum do | Persion and timing as well as sensory input from the spinal cord |
| Superior peduncle carries | efferent fibers to UMNs in thalamus |
| Middle peduncle receives | afferents from pons |
| Inferior peduncle receives | afferents from spinocerebellar pathway |
| Purkinje cell layer | soma of PCS |
| Molecular layer | dendrites of PCs |
| Module = | distinct networks of Purkinje cells that regulate a specific function |
| Vestibulocerebellum – coordinates activity in | vestibulospinal UMNs |
| Spinocerebellum – coordinates activity in | in LAS and MAS for smooth gait |
| Cerebrocerebellum corridnates activity in | lateral corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts |
| he deep cerebellar nuclei are clusters of neurons located | deep within the cerebellum |
| Vestibulocerebellum regulates and recives information from | balance, posture and eyemovements Vestibular apparatus in the ear to trunk and limb movements |
| Spinocerebellum regulates and recives input from | gait and corrdinated limb movements, and recives input from the vestibular system |
| Cerebrocerebellum regulates and recives input from | fine and volentary motor movements and cerebral cortex |
| Caudate nucleus function | Planning/executing movements • Procedural learning & memory |
| Putamen function | motor control and habit formation |
| Globus Pallidus Pars Externa (GPe | nput from striatum • Inhibits unwanted movements |
| Globus Pallidus Pars Interna | Output to thalamus • Modulates thalamocortical circuits in motor control |
| Activation of direct pathway facilitates the initiation and execution of voluntary movements by | increasing LAS and decreasing MAS |
| Activation of indirect pathway inhibit or suppress | oluntary movements by decreasing LAS and increasing MAS LAS inactivates |
| D1 receptors are | direct, go for motor function |
| D2 receptors are | indirect and are stop for motor funciton |
| In huntingtons disease | Nuerodegeneration is progressive |
| The cerebellar modules provide for | corridnation and movements |
| Basilar movments provide for | balance of activity in the LAS and |
| In general, the cerebellar modules involve modulating activity in the | purjinke cells |
| During development, the cerebellum is derived from the | metencephalon |
| The middle peduncle contains cerebellar afferents arising from the | Pons |
| The inferior peduncle contains afferents from the spinocerebellar pathways conveying | proprioceptive information. |
| urkinje cells are inhibitory and produce the neurotransmitter | GABA |
| the influence of the cerebellum on upper motor neurons involves | disinhibition, where inactivation of Purkinje cells leads to increased activity in upper motor neurons |
| For the vestibulocerebellum, Purkinje cells in the flocculonodular lobe project to the | lateral and medial vestibular nuclei in the medulla. |
| The balance of inhibition and disinhibition in the vestibulospinal tracts allows fine tuning of activity of the | trunk and antigravity muscles to coordinate postural movements. |
| A properly functioning vestibulocerebellum leads to | coordinated posture movements |
| Nystagmus is an | involentary bouncing of the eyes when trying to view something periphrial |
| The vermal division of the spinocerebellum receives input from the | vestibular apparatus, other sensory modalities like vision and hearing |
| Neurons in the globose and emboliform nuclei project to | LAS tracts |
| collectively, the vermal and the paravermal divisions of the spinocerebellum facilitate activity in gait muscles to ensure | smooth fluid movements during ambulation |
| Outflow from the cerebrocerebellum involves Purkinje cells in the | lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum. |
| Dysfunction in the cerebrocerebellum presents as | limb ataxia or uncorrdinated limb movements |
| Which of the cerebellar modules uses proprioceptive information to influence coordination of gait? | Spinocerebellum, paravermal division |
| he basal nuclei are a group of nuclei situated within the white matter core of the | cerebrum |
| the basal nuclei proper consist of the | caudate, putamen, globus pallidus externus, and globus pallidus internus. |
| Neurons in the striatum are also activated by glutamatergic neurons in the cerebral cortex via | corticostriatal fibers. |
| When the neurons in the output nuclei are inhibited, that leads to an | ncrease in activity in the neurons they innervate |
| The neurons in the output nuclei project to either the thalamus or to the | pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) in the pons of the brainstem |
| The decreased activity in the output nuclei leads to a relative increase in the | thalamic neurons |
| In the indirect pathway, activation of neurons in the input nuclei leads to decreased activity in the globus | globus pallidus externus |
| Decreased activity in thalamic neurons leads to less activation of | LAS tracts |
| The mutation is insertion of a string of the codon CAG in the | huntington gene |
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ecoesfeldd