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positioning unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oblique plane | any angle between the vertical and horizontal. |
| Horizontal plane is also called | cross-sectional or transverse or axial |
| The plane that runs axial to the top of the hips at the iliac crest (L4) | interiliac plane |
| The anatomic landmark you probably shouldn't palpate IRL | The symphysis pubis |
| midcoronal plane is also called the | midaxillary plane - runs through the armpits |
| This plane is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with jaws closed | occlusal plane |
| The heart and grater vessels are contained in this cavity | the thoracic cavity |
| The major blood vessels and the bladder are in this cavity | the abdominopelvic/abdominal cavity |
| The superior and inferior borders of the abdomen | superior- diaphragm inferior- pelvic inlet/aperture (circular portion at the bottom) |
| defined as the variations on the human body | body habitus important because it determines size and location of abdominal organs + diaphram |
| The two body habitus which are considered average | Sthenic and hyposthenic |
| Sthenic | body habitus that is average |
| Asthenic | body habitus that is thin and frail. can remeber by models being the 'esthetic'. considered an EXTREME |
| Hyposthenic | smaller body size, but not frail |
| Hypersthenic | larger body size- EXTREME |
| Bones store what | calcium, phosphorus, and other salts |
| bones produce what | red and white blood cells |
| This division of the skeleton protects the brain and trunk and is the basis of support | the axial skeleton -- axis=axial |
| This division of the skeleton is for movement | the appendicular skeleton -- limbs === appendages== appendicular |
| yellow marrow stores __ and is made at __. | fat duh in the length of long bones in the medullary cavity |
| red marrow makes___ and is made at ____. | rbc duh in the end of long bones in the medullary cavity |
| The hollow cavity inside bones where marrow is made | medullary |
| What type of bone contains trabeculae | spongy bone |
| The development and formation of bones. begins when | ossification the 2nd month of embryonic life |
| the two ways in which bones can form (ossification) | intramembranous and endochondral |
| flat bones are formed by | intramembranous ossification= bone forms without ever being cartilage |
| Endochondral ossification | bone growth where is begins as cartilage |
| primary vs secondary ossification | primary- occurs in gestation secondary- after birth |
| what bones are formed by endochondral ossification | long bones, short bones, and irregular bones |
| Epiphyses | growth plates where secondary ossification happens |
| example of short bones | carpals and tarsals |
| examples of flat bones | cranium and sternum |
| examples of irregulaer bones | facial bones and verterbrae |
| sesamoid bones | develop close to tendons small and oval |
| largest sesamoid bone | patella |
| The study of joints/arrticulates | arthrology |
| Bones are classified as functional and ___ | structural |
| Type of joint this is immovable | synarthroses skull bones |
| Type of joint that is slightly movable | amphiarthrosis vertebrae |
| Type of joint that is freely movable | Diarthroses/synovial shoulder, hip |
| what type of joints are in a capsule and have bursa for cushioning | synovial |
| The functional classification of joints is based on their ____. | mobility |
| The structural classification of joints is based on their ____. | connective tissues that surround them. |
| Three structural classifications of fibrous joints | syndesmosis- suture gomphosis |
| Inferior tibiofibular joint is what type of joint | fibrous and syndesmosis because it is held by fibrous structures and is not movable. |
| Suture joints are only found in the ___ and are considered ___ joints | skull and fibrous joints |
| Gomphosis joints are found only in ____ and are considered____. | roots of the teeth and fibrous joints |
| T/F: Cartilaginous joints do not have a cavity | true- they have no cavity |
| T/F: Cartilaginous joints are very movable | False! cartilaginous joints are virtually immovable |
| Cartilaginous joints that are slightly movable, have fibrocartilage, and are designed for shock obsorption | Symphysis joints |
| Example of symphysis (cartilaginous) joint | symphysis pubis |
| Cartilaginous joints that are immovable with rigid cartilage | Synchondrosis |
| example of a synchondrosis joint | growth plate. epiphyses |
| example of gliding synovial joint | carpals where they meet metacarpals |
| example of hinge synovial joint | elbow, knee |
| example of pivot synovial joint | vertebrae- can twist around an axis |
| example of ellipsoid synovial joint | where the carpals meet the radius, allows for abduction, adduction, backwards and forwards. |
| example of saddle synovial joint | thumb bone where it meets carpal- trapezium |
| a spinal fracture where the bone vertebrae can collapse. commonly from falls | compression |
| a break that does not go all the way through a bone. common in children | greenstick |
| fracture where the bone pierces through the skin | compound |
| ipsilateral | same side |
| contralateral | opposite side |
| plantar | sole of the foot |
| dorsum | top of the foot |
| defined as the path the xrays take through the tube to the IR | projection |
| AP vs PA projection | CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior |
| T/F: the projection (AP/PA) is still specified in oblique shots | true! still needs to specify AP or PA |
| longitudinal angle of the CR of 10 degrees or more | axial projection |
| CR directed along the outer margin of a curved body surface | tangential |
| in oblique positioning, the position is named by the side of the body closest to the ____ | table/IR. So if a patient was facing the IR and their right side was closer, the position would be called right anterior oblique |
| decubitus position | a recumbent position where the pt is on their side for a decube shot |
| flexion and extension | flexion- bending a joint. like when you flex your biceps extension to enxtend |
| Rotation of forearm so that the palm is down | pronate |
| Rotation of forearm so that the palm is up | supinate |
| what vertebral level is the interiliac crest | L4 |
| what is periosteum | peri-around, Ost-bone, eum-tissue tough tissue that surrounds the bone |
| endosteum | tissue that lines the medullary cavity |
| synovial joints have accessory tissue called | bursae and meniscus |
| Rounded process at the end of long bones | condyle |
| Small, smooth-surfaced articular process | facet |
| hook shaped process | hamulus |
| malleolus | club shaped process |
| bone feature that is long and pointed | styloid |
| the large round proximal features of the femurs | trochanters |
| bone feature that is a ditch or hollow space | fossa. |
| fracture where the bone is in many pieces | comminuted |
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