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nervous system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | made up of the brain and spinal cord, it controls most body and mind functions |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect CNS to the rest of the body |
| Brain | the control center of the body that processes information, makes decisions, and controls actions |
| Gyrus (Gyri) | the raised ridges or folds on the brains surface |
| Sulcus (Sulci) | the grooves or indentations between the gyri on the brain's surface |
| Cerebrum | the largest part of the brain, responsible for thinking, memory, and voluntary actions |
| Frontal Lobe | controls reasoning, planning, movement, emotions, and problem-solving |
| Parietal Lobe | processes touch, temperature, and pain; helps understand spatial awareness |
| Temporal Lobe | involved in hearing, memory, and language |
| Occipital Lobe | processes vision |
| Cerebellum | coordinates balance, posture, and fine motor movements |
| Brain Stem | connects the brain to the spinal cord; controls automatic functions like breathing and heartbeat |
| Pons | part of the brain stem that helps with sleep, breathing, and relaying messages between parts of the brain |
| Medulla Oblongata | the lowest part of the brain stem that controls involuntary functions like heart rate and blood pressure |
| Spinal Cord | a bundle of nerves that sends messages between the brain and body |
| Nerves | bundles of axons that cary electrical signals to and from the brain and spinal cord |
| Sensory Neuron | carries information from the senses to the CNS (touch, sound sight) |
| Motor Neuron | carries commands from the CNS to muscles or glands to make them move or react |
| Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | a sudden injury that damages the brain, often caused by a blow or jolt to the head |
| Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) | a degenerative brain disease found in people with repeated head injuries(like athletes) |
| Concussion | a mild form of TBI that temporarily affects brain function, often from a hit or fall |
| Neurological Exam | a test doctors use to check brain, spinal cord, and nerve function, such as reflexes, balance, and coordination |
| Nervous system | the body's communication network that sends and receives signals between the brain, spinal cord, and body |
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