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Chapter 1 - ECBL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Factors Influencing Language Learning | Personal and Psychological Factors Cognitive Factors Motivation Factors Social Factors |
| Factors Influencing Language Learning - Personal and Psychological Factors (1) | Learner's learning strategies |
| Factors Influencing Language Learning - Motivation Factors (3) | Learner's Attitude Learner's Personality Integrative & Instrumental motivation |
| Factors Influencing Language Learning - Social Factors (4) | Teacher's teaching strategies Social Influences Social Media Learning environment & conditions |
| Metacognitive Awareness (5) | Self-awareness Language awareness Cognitive awareness Social awareness Intercultural awareness |
| Self-awareness | Knowing your strengths & weaknesses |
| Language awareness | Understanding how language works & how it is used |
| Cognitive awareness | Knowing which strategies help you learn |
| Social awareness | Understanding how you learn with others |
| Intercultural awareness | Being open to different cultures & perspectives |
| Teaching Foreign Languages - What should be considered? | Scaffolding Feedback - metalinguistic awareness Creating a need and desire to use English Exposure to varied and meaningful input Practice and use the language |
| Teaching Foreign Languages - What should be considered? Scaffolding | Scaffolding is the support a teacher or a more knowledgeable person provides to help a learner accomplish a task they couldn't do alone. |
| Teaching Foreign Languages - What should be considered? Zone of Proximal Development | Zone of Proximal Development is the range between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance or support |
| Teaching Foreign Languages - What should be considered? Feedback on learning | Provide feedback on learning and help children notice the underlying pattern in language (metalinguistic awareness) |
| Teaching Foreign Languages - What should be considered? Metalinguistic awareness | Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to think about and reflect on how language works- understanding that language is a system with rules and that words and structures can be analysed or manipulated. |
| Teaching Foreign Languages - What should be considered? Create a need and desire to use English | - |
| Teaching Foreign Languages - What should be considered? Exposure to varied and meaningful input | Provide exposure to varied and meaningful input with a focus on communication. Diversity of text types Language diversity |
| Teaching Foreign Languages - What should be considered? Practice and use the language | Provide opportunities to practice and use the language in different contexts. Social interaction Out-of-school activities Create a friendly atmosphere in which children can take risks |
| Most Common Approaches (7) | Communicative approach Task-based learning Activity-based learning Audio-lingual Model Total physical response Cross curricular (interdisciplinary view) Story based learning |
| Common Approach - Communicative Approach | Getting students to communicate (orally & writing) No explicit grammar instruction Writing, Reading, Listening, Speaking are emphasised |
| Common Approach -Task-Based Approach | Lesson based around a central task Target language is necessary to achieve the outcome Focuses on the language & the learning process |
| Common Approach - Activity-Based Approach | Child centred approach Child is actively involved in participating mentally and physically This approach is based on learning by doing |
| Common Approach - Audio-lingual model Approach | Repetition is ley to language learning (listening, repeating, memorizing) Grammar is not the main focus Accuracy in speaking is the highest goal of this approach |
| Common Approach - Total-physical response Approach | Connection between physical movements and language acquisition Emphasis on vocabulary (related to physical movement) Grammar is not taught explicitly but learned inductively through exposure to different phrases |
| Common Approach - Cross Curricular Approach (Interdisciplinary view) | Connection between subjects Favours dynamic use of learning topics to be covered and skills/competences to be developed in a number of different areas across the curriculum |
| Common Approach - Story-based learning Approach | Pre-, While-, and Post- activities related to the same story |
| Common Approach - Teaching- Centred Approach - (A&D) | Advantages: Structure, inspiration, guidance, purpose Disadvantages: Pupils have little opportunity for real interaction, merely repeating what teacher says. May generate passivity, lack of creativity, lack of ownership |
| Common Approach - Learning- Centred Approach - (A&D) | Advantages: Allows pupils to 'be the teacher' Fosters independence and ownership of learning Disadvantages: Problems depending on context/ traditional methods used |