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Natural selection
This is to assist you in practicing for the upcoming unit tests
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Process by which organisms change over time with gradual changes of heritable traits | Evolution |
| Organism that no longer exists on Earth | Extinct |
| Remains of organisms that lived in the past | Fossils |
| Survival of organisms with more favorable and advantageous traits for their environment. Helps them to survive and reproduce often (this causes traits in the population to change over time). | Natural selection |
| Kind of organism | Species |
| Biologist who suggested a theory of evolution | Charles Darwin |
| Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support | Overproduction |
| Frogs laying more eggs than there is food for | Example of overproduction |
| All organisms compete for food, water, and other things necessities for life | Competition |
| Organisms well suited for the environment live, the others die | Result of competition |
| Subtle differences in the same species | Variations |
| Strongest of each species survives | Result of variations |
| Those organisms which are best suited for the environment survive and reproduce | Survival of the fit |
| A variety of structural adaptations that provide protection for an organism by copying the appearance of another species | Mimicry |
| A technique in which the breeder selects particular traits ( technology is used to produce hybrids of plants and animals with specific desired traits) | Artificial selection |
| Pattern of evolution in which two species/populations become more and more dissimilar over time due to evolution in different environments | Divergent |
| A type of reproductive isolation in which two organisms have different mating rituals that prevent them from interbreeding | Behavioral isolation |
| Type of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated by geographic barriers like mountains or bodies of water | Geographic isolation |
| Type of reproductive isolation in which two organisms reproduce at different times | Temporal isolation |
| The alteration of allelic frequencies by random chance | Genetic drift |
| A mechanism for change in a population in which organisms with favorable variations live, reproduce, and pass on their favorable traits | Natural selection |
| The concept that evolution occurs over long periods of stability that are interrupted by geologically brief but rapid periods of change during which new forms appear | Punctuated equilibrium |
| Any structure that is reduced in function in a living organism but may have been used in an ancestor | Vestigial |
| The evolution of an ancestral species into an array of species that occupy diverse habitats | Adaptive radiation |
| The diagram represents a model of how bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic, allowing bacteria to survive treatment. Which best explains how the indicated step in the model allows bacteria to develop resistance? | Genetic mutations that promote resistance occur |
| Why do pesticides designed to kill insect species become less effective after multiple applications. | Some insects are resistant to the pesticide and pass on this favorable trait to their offspring |
| Successful adaptations help organisms to both survive and reproduce so that these advantageous adaptations are passed on to the future generations. Identify: Do organisms adapt to the environment? | No! Those with traits that help them survive pass on those traits to their offspring. |
| Where does biodiversity come from? | Mutations and Sexual reproduction |
| True or False: A mutation is a random change to a organism's DNA sequence? | True |
| True or False: The selection pressure can be different depending on the articular environment | True |
| True or False: Mutations that increase the fitness of an organism increase in frequency in a population | True |
| _______occurs when bacteria enter your body and begin to multiply. They can crowd out healthy cells and cause diseases | Infection |
| Adaptive radiation or _______ (relative species diverge or become increasingly different) | Divergent evolution |
| The evolution of an ______ into many diverse species each adapted to a different habitat. | Ancestral species |
| Small groups of individuals branch out from the original population, collect random mutations, and adapt to life in _____ | Different environments |
| ______ occurs and the small group are unable to mate with other groups, or with members of the original population | Reproductive isolation |
| Many species diversify from a single ______ | Common ancestor |
| ______ are due to adaptive radiation (organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a a change in the environment occurs) | Homologous structures |
| Opposite of adaptive radiation | Convergent evolution |
| _____ evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments | Unrelated organisms |
| ________ are the results of convergent evolution or the opposite of adaptive radiation | Analogous structures |
| The same function is similar, but each ______ independently | Evolved |
| Organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments | Convergent evolution (unrelated species in similar environments begin to resemble or share common traits) |
| All genes in a given population | Gene pool |
| Inherited characteristics that help an organism to survive | Adaptation |
| The theory that new species evolve from existing species through an accumulation of gradual changes over time | Gradualism |
| Structures that are similar in different species; ex arms, bones of vertebrates | Homologous structures |
| A population greatly declines, then rebounds, so less alleles are available | Bottleneck effect |
| Overuse of antibiotics has caused antibiotic resistance in some bacteria in populations. Which statement describes the most likely impact of natural selection on the bacterial population? | More antibiotic resistant bacteria have survived, resulting in more offspring with this trait |
| Ability to survive and reproduce | Fitness |
| What part of a population separates and evolves into its own species | Speciation |
| A random change in the frequency of alleles (a mechanism for evolution represented by random changes in gene frequency that may lead to preservation or extinction of particular genes) | Genetic drift |
| A diagram that shows the relationship between species | Cladogram |
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