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Physics 12

Chapter 4 Unit Test

Work - The energy transferred to an object when a forced acting on the object moves it through a distance - Scalar quantity
Positive Work - The force and displacement are in the same direction - Object energy increases - speeds up, height increases, ...
Negative work - The force and displacement are in opposite direction - Objects energy decreases
Kinetic Energy - Energy is possessed by a moving object
Work - Energy Theorem Only true if no energy loss occurs
Gravitational Potential Energy Energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to earth
Law of Conservation of energy - energy is neither created nor destroyed - when energy changes from one form to another no energy is lost
Work-energy principle The net amount of mechanical work done (Wnet) on an object is equal to the objects change in energy
System of Particles A system of particles is a collection of point particles that interact with each other and with their environment.
Open System Can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings.
Closed System Matter does not leave but energy can enter or leave
Isolated System Neither matter not energy can enter or leave an isolated system
Simple Harmonic Motion - Periodic motion in which the acceleration of the moving object is proportional to its displacement
Damping - Friction that reduces the amplitude or energy of SHM - Loss of energy can be useful: - Bathroom scale - Shock absorbers in cars
Damped Harmonic Motion Periodic motion in which the amplitude of vibration, and thus energy decreases with time
Perpetual Motion Machine - Machine that can continue forever without restarting/refueling - Impossible since some energy will always be lost from the system
Impulse The change in the momentum of a system
Hooks Law Hooke's Law is a principle of physics that states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to its extension or compression within the elastic limit of the material.
Created by: elishacaplan
 

 



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