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bio162 e3: M Checkpt

QuestionAnswer
Goal of the M Checkpoint To ensure Bipolar chromosomes are correctly attached before Anaphase.
Bipolar chromosomes Chromosomes where sister chromatids are correctly attached to opposite poles. This status Activates APC.
Cohesion Protein complex that holds sister chromatids together.
Anaphase Inhibitor (Securin) A protein that binds to and inactivates Separase.
Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) An enzyme complex that polyubiquinates (tags for destruction) the Anaphase Inhibitor and Cyclin B.
Separase The enzyme that is active after the Inhibitor is destroyed. It Activates Separase and cuts Cohesion to start Anaphase.
Aneuploid Refers to an abnormal number of individual chromosomes.
P53 The Guardian of the Genome. It is a tumor suppressor.
Cancer Link Percentage Over 80% of all cancers are linked to P53 misregulation.
MDM2 A protein that promotes P53 degradation and nuclear export (by polyubiquitinating it).
State of P53 in non-stressed cells P53 exists in non-stressed cells at a very low concentration. It is constantly being produced & broken down.
What causes P53 to accumulate (stress occurs)? DNA damage or stress conditions Promotes phosphorylation of P53 and inhibits MDM2 activity.
State of P53 under stress conditions The P53 protein accumulates in the cell. It is Activated.
Action of Active P53 Induces the transcription of genes to check cells for stress.
The three cell responses induced by Active P53 1. G1 arrest (cell cycle halt). 2. DNA repair mechanisms. 3. Apoptosis (cell suicide).
Consequence of P53 loss of activity The loss of P53 activity by mutation, deletion [or] inhibition will lead to tumor development.
Polyploid, Haploid, Diploid Refers to whole complete sets of chromosomes.
Created by: user-1999447
 

 



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