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Unit 4 chapter 9/10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nation | a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity |
| nation-state | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality |
| State | An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs. |
| stateless nation | a group of people with a common political identity who do not have a territorially defined, sovereign country of their own |
| multinational state | State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. |
| multistate nation | nation that stretches across borders and across states |
| autonomous region | an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or has freedom from an external authority |
| semiautonomous region | having a degree of, but not complete, self-government |
| sovereignty | Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. |
| self-determination | The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will |
| Colonialism | Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. |
| imperialism | Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region |
| Independence movements | a movement that is trying to gain political independence for some area that it thinks should be its own country |
| Berlin Conference | A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules of colonization of Africa |
| decolonization | the action of changing from colonial to independent status |
| neocolonialism | A new form of global power relationships that involves not direct political control but economic exploitation by multinational corporations |
| Cold War | The power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II |
| satellite state | A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country. |
| demilitarized zone | A zone from which military forces or operations or installations are prohibited |
| Ethnonationalism | the tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence. A fundamental centrifugal force. |
| Territoriality | Defense of a space against encroachment by other individuals. |
| Defined Boundary | one established by a legal document, such as a treaty. |
| Delimited Boundary | A boundary DRAWN and agreed upon; drawing of a boundary |
| Demarcated Boundary | A boundary demarcated (marked) by some visible means on the ground. Ex. wall posts, fences, etc. |
| Natural boundary | A boundary created by a physical feature, such as a mountain, river, or strait |
| Geometric boundary | Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines. |
| Cultural boundary | A boundary that follows the distribution of cultural characteristics. |
| Antecendent Boundary | a boundary that was created before the present day cultural landscaped developed |
| subsequent boundary | a boundary line that is established after the area in question has been settled and that considers the cultural characteristics of the bounded area |
| consequent boundary | A type of subsequent boundary that is drawn to separate humans due to conflict. |
| Relic boundary | a former boundary line that is still discernible and marked by some cultural landscape features |
| Superimposed boundary | a boundary line placed over and ignoring an existing cultural pattern |
| Militarized boundary | A boundary that is heavily guarded and discourages crossing and movement. |
| Open boundary | a boundary where crossing is unimpeded |
| UN Law of the Sea | defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources |
| Apportionment | Distribution of representatives among the states based on the population of each state |
| Redistricting | The redrawing of congressional lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population. |
| Gerrymandering | Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. |
| Choke point | a strategic, narrow waterway between two larger bodies of water |
| Definitional boundary dispute | Focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement. Fight over the position of a boundary. |
| Locational Boundary Dispute | Conflict over the territorial location or place of a boundary |
| irrendentism | One country seeks to annex part of another because of ties to the population. |
| Operational boundary dispute | Conflict over the way a boundary should operate or function, such as the conflict over allowing migration across the border |
| Allocational boundary dispute | A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region. |
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