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Genetics Vocab #1

TermDefinition
Genetics The study of heredity
Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Body Cells Have 46 chromosomes. (23 pairs) Made through process of mitosis.
Diploid Cells Body cells. (means 2 or 'double') Made of 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Gametes AKA: Sex cells Have 23 single chromosomes. Made through the process of meiosis.
Egg Female gamete. Produced and stored in the ovaries.
Sperm Male gamete. Produced and stored in the testes.
Haploid cells Gamete cells. (means "half") Have 23 single chromosomes.
Meiosis Happens in ovaries or testes. Begins with 1 cell with 46 chromosomes. Ends with 4 gametes with 23 chromosomes. Cells divide twice during this process.
Fertilization When an egg cell and a sperm cell join together.
Zygote The first cell that forms from fertilization.
Embryo The beginning stages of development after fertilization.
Fraternal twins 2 eggs are released, both are fertilized by different sperm. Biological sex may be same or different.
Identical twins 1 egg is fertilized by 1 sperm, but divides completely. Biological sex is same.
XX When the 23rd pair of chromosomes match. Biologically female. Eggs only carry X.
XY When the 23rd pair of chromosomes don't match. Biologically male. Sperm carry X or Y.
 

 



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