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223 exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stress apprasial | how a person interprets the impact of the stressor |
| hans seyle | endocrinologist who studied how the body responds to stressors |
| fight or flight response | sympathetic nervous system, physiologic response to stress by activation of autonomic nervous system. ex-pupils dilate at night, incr HR and BP, dec GI system |
| general adaptation syndrome | physical response to stress. alarm-sympathetic stress hormone released, resistance-parasympathetic kicks in to go back to homeostasis, exhaustion |
| distress | negative stress |
| eustress | positive stress |
| chronic stress incr risk of | type 2 diabetes |
| allostasis | fundamental concept that the body will attempt to return to state of balance |
| allostatic load | chronic arousal of stress hormones that cause wear and tear on body's organs |
| nervous system response to stress | physical signs from sympathetic nervous system stimulation, incr hr, cardiac output, blood flow to muscles, dilation of bronchi, incr RR, pupillary dilation |
| immune system response to stress | pain, vasodilation, swelling, mobilization of wbc, lymphocyte, overtime increases risk of infection, high bp, cancer |
| endocrine system response to stress | corticosteroid release, hyperglycemia, more vulnerable to infection, anxiety, depression, weight gain |
| types of stressors | situational-job changes, illness, caregiver stress. maturational-expected, vary with life stages. sociocultural-environmental, social, cultural stressors. compassion fatigue- burnout/secondary traumatic stress |
| defense mechanisms | mostly unconscious, protective coping methods that individuals may assume in response to perceived threat. short term basis usually prevent harm, long term can prevent healthy growth |
| anxiety | apprehension/uncertainty. generalized anxiety disorder-unrealistic levels of worry with/without identifiable cause |
| conversion | unconsciously suppressing anxietyproducing emotional situation into non organic symptoms |
| displacement | transferring emotions, ideas, or wishes from a stressful situation to something less stressful |
| regression | coping with a stressor through actions and behaviors associated with earlier developmental periods |
| crisis intervention | short term assistance provided to an individual with the goal of regaining equilibrium in a time of physical upheaval |
| circadian rhythms | sleep-wake cycle. affected by light, temp, social activities, and work routines |
| N1 stage of sleep | lightest level of sleep, lasts few minutes, decr physiological activity begins with fall in vital signs/metabolism |
| N2 stage of sleep | sound sleep during which relaxation progresses, arousal relatively easy |
| N3 stage of sleep | slow wave sleep, deepest stage, human growth hormone secreted |
| REM sleep | 25% of night, vivid dreams, 90 min after sleep starts, loss of skeletal muscle tone, gastric secretions incr |
| hypersomnolence | result of interrupted quality of sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged nighttime sleep that disrupts daily life |
| polysomnogram | sleep lab diagnostic test that uses EEG, EMG, and EOG to monitor stages of sleep |
| sleep apnea | lack of airflow from someones nose or mouth despite effort to breathe |
| cataplexy | sudden muscle weakness during intense emotion |
| narcolepsy treated with | stimulants |
| parasomnias | occur during arousal from rem sleep or partial arousal from nrem sleep |
| neonates sleep | 16-18hr |
| infants sleep | 9-11hrs |
| toddlers sleep | 11-14hrs with naps |
| 6 year olds sleep | 11-12 hours |
| 11 year olds | 9-10 hours |
| decongestants | vasoconstrict |
| epworth | daytime sleepiness scale white sitting and reading, watching tv, sitting inactive, passenger in car, lying down to rest. 0=never nod off 1-slight nod off 2-moderate chance nodding off 3-high chance nod off |
| older adult sleep considerations | decline in rem sleep, 7-8 hrs a day, prone to RLS |
| melatonin | neurohormone, controls circadian rhythm |
| opioids suppress | rem sleep |
| benzodiazepines leads to | dependence and daytime sleepiness |
| antihistamines | possible daytime drowzy |
| purposes of health care record | facilitates interprofessional communication, legal record of care, justification for billing, process of needed for quality and performance improvement, education |
| EHR | lifetime record |
| EMR | health care visit record |
| protected health information | any individually identifiable health information that is created, received, or maintained by a covered entity, such as a healthcare provider or insurer. This information is protected by laws like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
| DAR format | Date Action/intervention Response of patient |
| PIE format | Problem/diagnosis Interventions Evaluations |
| SOAP format | Subjective Objective Assessment Plan |
| acuity rating system | used to determine hours of care and number of staff required for a group of patients every shift. not part of medical record, compares patients |
| nurse case manager | coordinates a patient's care, acts as a patient advocate, and helps navigate the complexities of the healthcare system to ensure they receive the right care at the right time |
| sentinel event | an unexpected occurrence involving death, serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk of such injury to a patient, which is not a result of the patient's illness |
| health care information system | clinical information and administrative system |
| clinical information system | ex-computurized provider order entry |
| nursing clinical information systems | nursing model and critical pathway. advantages-access info better, better documentation, reduced errors, reduced costs |
| nursing informatics | specialty of practice, integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science |
| implicit bias | more aware |
| culturally congruent care | emphasizes need to provide care based on an individuals cultural beliefs |
| world view | emic-insider etic-outsider |
| marginalized groups | more likely to have poor health outcomes |
| intersectionality | research and policy model used to study complexities of peoples lives, describes forces, factors, and power structures that sha[e life. privilege and opression |
| acculturation | transition to another culture |
| illness | way in which individuals react to disease |
| campinha bacote | awareness, skill, knowledge, desire, encounters |
| assessment tools health literacy | the short assessment of health literacy-spanish and english the rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine-short form |
| sensory includes | reception, reaction, perception |
| sensory deficits | cant receive certain stimuli |
| sensory deprivation | inadequate quality or quantity of stimulation |
| common visual sensory deficit | presbyopia, cataracts, dry eyes, glaucoma, diabetic |
| common hearing sensory deficit | presbycusis |
| common balance sensory deficit | meniere's disease-a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing), and a feeling of fullness in the ear |
| visual disturbances | diabetic retinopathy-an eye condition caused by diabetes that damages the blood vessels in the retina, potentially leading to vision loss and blindness |
| macular degeneration | an eye disease that destroys sharp, central vision, primarily affecting people over 60 |
| factors affecting sensory function | age, medicine, environment, smoking |
| analgesics alter | CNS |
| what causes balance and hearing issues | antibiotics, aspirin, diuretic |
| ototoxic medicine | nsaids, ibuprofen, asa, antibiotics |
| acute care sensory deficit | orient to environment, safety measures, communication, controlling sensory stimuli |
| restorative sensory care | socialization, promote self care |
| complementary approach to health | non mainstream practice used together with conventional medicine |
| alternative approach to medicine | non mainstream practice that replaces conventional medicine |
| integrative approach to medicine | conventional and complementary approaches brough together in a coordinated way |
| holistic approach to medicine | focus on the body mind spirit |
| nursing accessible therapies ex | relaxation, meditation, imagery, breathing |
| relaxation to help ppl develop skills to reduce negative responses | focusing, passivity-ability to stop unecessary goal directed activity, receptivity-ability to tolerate and accept experiences that are uncertain |
| clinical application | reduces stress, muscle tension and headache, decr anxiety, incr productivity and sense of identity. limitations-may be hypertensive, may enhance drug effects |
| animal assisted therapy | benefits-faster recovery time, pain control, improved motor skills, positive cognitive effects. limitations-allergies, phobias, mrsa, immunocompromised |
| biofeedback | mind body technique used to tech self control over physiologic responses. benefits-pain control, anxiety reduction. limitations-requires training |
| acupuncture | uses the insertion of needles into acupoints to influence vital energy and reestablish its flow along the bodys meridians benefits-pain control, treat specific conditions |
| health disparity | preventable differences in health outcomes between groups that are closely linked to social, economic, and environmental disadvantages |
| social determinants of health | the nonmedical factors that impact a person's health, such as where they are born, live, work, and age |
| meditation can intensity | thyroid and cough medicine |
| variances | Unexpected outcomes, unmet goals, and interventions not specified within a critical pathway |
| spiritual belief | life and wind |
| self-transcendence | goes beyond yourself and understand overall experiences |
| transcendence | believe of force greater than yourself |
| agnostic | indifferent |
| 4 dimensions of having good spiritual health | personal-how u relate with yourself in finding purpose in life communal-interpersonal relationships environemental-how u interact in the world transcendental-you and a higher power |
| religion | Associated with the “state of doing” System of organized beliefs and worship Not the same as spirituality |
| Spiritual health | by finding a balance between life values, goals, belief systems, and relationships. Spiritual beliefs change as patients grow and develop. |
| FICA | F—Faith or belief I—Importance of spirituality C—Individual’s spiritual Community A—Interventions to Address spiritual needs |
| Maturational loss | anticipated |
| bereavement | includes grief and mourning together |
| normal grief | commonly expected behaviors |
| anticipatory grief | process of letting go before an actual death |
| complicated grief | person doesn't accept reality of loss, and intense feelings |
| chronic grief | long periods of mourning |
| delayed grief | active grieving is held back |
| exaggerated grief | overwhelming grief in which phobias develop |
| masked grief | symptoms not recognized as grief related |
| disenfranchised | cant openly acknowledge loss |
| Bowlby’s Four Phases of Mourning | Numbing-hours to weeks Yearning and searching-months to years Disorganization and despair Reorganization |
| Kübler-Ross’ Stages of Grief and Death | Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance |
| Palliative care vs Hospice care | Palliative care can be at any stage of a serious illness alongside curative treatments, while hospice care is a specific type of palliative care for individuals with a life expectancy of six months or less who are no longer pursuing curative treatments |
| Impending Signs of Death | Skin is mottled HR B/P Cheyne-Stokes Elimination Musculoskeletal changes |
Created by:
cwehner125