Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Test #2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| When an ionic compound is placed in water the compound | breaks apart and releases ions |
| Acid | A compound that releases Hydrogen (H+) |
| Base | A compound that releases Hydroxide (OH-) |
| Salt | A compound that releases neither (H+) or OH-) |
| pH (potential hydrogen) | the standard measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) present in a solution |
| Scale rances from | 0 - 14 |
| Lower #'s are _______________ | Acidic |
| Higher #'s are ___________ | basic |
| 7 is ______________ which is | neutral , pure water |
| Almost all living things take place in pH between _-_ | 6 - 8 |
| Cell | Smallest functional unit of life |
| unicellular | 1 cell (bacteria) |
| Multicellular | many cells (animal) |
| Robert Hooke | first to record what he described as "cells" |
| Cork cells | plant cell on the outer edge of the trunks of woody plants |
| Atnton van Leeuwenhoek | - Discovered, single celled organisms he called animalcules - considered the father of microbiology |
| animalcules | bacteria |
| Luis Pasteur | one of the fathers of the germ theory |
| germ theory | the idea that microscopic organisms are responsible for illness |
| Cell theory (3 things) | - cells are the basic unit of life - all organisms are made of one or more cells - All cells arise from existing cells |
| all cells are surrounded by a _________________ | membrane |
| plasma membrane / cell membrane | A thin layer of lipids and proteins that separates the cell contents from the environment and it acts like a barrier with gates |
| cell membrane ere mostly made of ____________ and | Phospholipids keeps the water from flooding the cell |
| when phospholipids are in water they form a ____________ | lipid bilayer |
| The head likes water = ______________ | hydrophilic |
| The tail does not like water = ____________________ | Hydrophobic |
| REMEMBER TO LOOK AT THE PICTURES TO KNOW WHAT EACH THING LOOKS LIKE!!!!!!!!!!!! | REMEMBER TO LOOK AT THE PICTURES TO KNOW WHAT EACH THING LOOKS LIKE!!!!!!!!!!!! |
| Proteins in cell membranes _________________ | - move materials in and out of the cell - identification badges that enable cells to recognize each other |
| Cytoplasm | the matrix that fills the inside of call |
| The cytoplasm is filled with floating ____________________ that serve particular functions | organells |
| cytoskeleton | - gives the cell support and shape |
| Nucleus | center of the cell |
| Chromatin | - in the nucleus - a thin tangled bundle of DNA threads - needed to make new cells and to run the cell |
| Nucleur envelope | surrounds the nucleus and separates the Nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| Nuclear pores | allow compounds in and out of the nucleus |
| Eukaryotes | - cells with a nucleus - plants and animals |
| Prokaryotes - | - cells without a nucleus - Bacteria and similar unicellular organisms |
| Organells | small organ like structures that preform specific functions for the cell |
| Ribosoms | - built inside the nucleus - built of proteins - either suspended in the cytoplasm, or bound to other organelles |
| Lots of ribosome in a row _______________________ | work like an assembly line |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | Extensive network of membranes that produce materials for the cell like a factory |
| 2 types: | Rough ER, Smooth ER |
| Rough ER | - has ribosome on its surface - helps build proteins and membranes |
| Smooth ER | - builds lipids - processes carbohydrates Modifies chemicals that are toxic to the cell |
| Golgi apparatus | - A series of flat , membrane bound cells where molecules are stored , often modified , packaged, and distributed to their destination - the cells package center |
| Mitochondria | - changes the energy that is stored in food compounds into a form that is useful for the cell, a molecule called adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) - the powerhouse of the cell - energy is generated |
| Lysosomes | digests old organelles that are no longer useful to the cell |
| Movement | cilia Flagella |
| Celia | - Short hair like projections that usually occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells - help unicellular organisms move, also found in multicellular organisms EX: the lungs |
| Flagella | Long tail like projection. organisms usually only have one or a few flagella |
| plant and animal cells are different plants have __________________, _______________________, and __________________ | walls, chloroplast, vacuoles |
| cell wall | I addition to a membrane , plant cells also have walls surrounding the cell |
| Chloroplast | - An organelle that performs photosynthesis - helps plant build sugars, using energy from the sun |
| Central vacuole | - large central compartment that serves many functions |
| Central vacuoles functions : | - absorbs water - store protein , ions, and waste products of metabolism |
| How can cells take in nutrients and get rid of waist? | The cells semipermeable membrane allows some things to pass through and prevents others |
| 2 ways that materials can pass through this membrane 1)__________________________________ 2)__________________________________ | 1) Passsive transport 2) Active transport |
| Passive transport | No need for cels energy (ATP) (-Simple diffusion - Facilitated diffusion) |
| Active transport | Needs cells energy (ATP) to allow passage |
| Passive transport: Simple diffusion | Molecules spread out so all areas have an equal concentration |
| Diffusion | The random movement molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration |
| Concentration | The amount of a substance in a solution |
| Passive transport: facilitated diffusion | - Molecules move down the concentration gradient, from higher concentration to lower concentration - Requires the use of carrier proteins ex: Glucose (large molecule) enters cells with facilitated diffusion |
| Passive transport: Osmosis | -The diffusion of water across the semipermeable membrane |
| Water moves from solutions with ____________ water concentration to solutions with ___________ water concentrations | higher lower |
| the _________ is the thing moving | water |
| Osmosis and solution concentration 3 ways cells react to osmosis effects of different solution concentrations | - Hypertonic - Isotonic - Hypototonnic |
| Hypertonic cells | the cell become shriveled and unhealthy |
| Isotonic cells | Healthy and normal cells |
| Hypotonic cells | These cells can burst due to too much water |
| IVs and maintaining solution balance in blood | Intravenous fluids are isotonic solutions that are used to replenish fluids in the body . ( given through needle into bloodstream. help replenish the balance and concentration of fluids in your body if you become dehydrated or other kind of imbalance |
| Active transport | The cell must use energy to transport object in and out of the membrane |
| what for is the energy that transports objects in and out of the membrane in? | ATP |
| what does ATP do | unlocked the carrier proteins to allow molecules in and out |
| Do molecules move towards or against the concentration gradient ? | Molecules move against the concentration gradient from low concentration to high concentration |
| What is bulk movement? | When the cell needs to transport very large molecules across the membrane 2 types : 1) endocytosis 2 exocytosis |
| Exocytosis | Waste and cell products are packaged by the Golgi apparatus in sacs called Golgi vesicles. The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and secrete the materials out of the cell |
| Endocytosis | The cell membrane surrounds desirable molecules that are outside the cell. the membrane creates a vesicle and moves in into the cell, where it can either send the contents to organelles or release it into the cytoplasm |
| Pinocytosis | Encloses a droplet of liquid and its solutes (drinking) |
| Phagocytosis | Encloses a solid substance instead of a liquid (eating) |
Created by:
ZC1234