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UNIT 4
The Characteristics and Applications of Waves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| wave | a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another |
| wavelength | he distance from one crest to the next crest (or trough to trough); inversely proportional to frequency (opposite) |
| frequency | the number of waves that pass a fixed point. Measured in Hertz (Hz) |
| amplitude | The height of the wave; tells us how much energy the wave has. Measured from the point of equilibrium to the top of the crest or from the point of equilibrium to the bottom of the trough. |
| high frequency in sound | higher pitch (squeak) |
| high frequency in light | purple (violet) |
| low frequency in sound | lower pitch (bass) |
| low frequency in light | red |
| electromagnetic waves | disturbance that transfers energy through the electromagnetic field and can travel through empty space |
| transverse wave | wave in which the medium’s vibration moves in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the wave. |
| order of electromagnetic waves | radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays |
| radio waves | have longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum. They are a form of energy that travels through space and is used for communication technologies like radio and television |
| microwaves | They have frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz and are used in applications like cooking and communication, which is possible because they can be absorbed by water and are reflected by metal. |
| infrared waves | longer wavelengths than visible light and is invisible to the human eye. We can feel infrared waves as heat, and technologies like thermal imaging cameras and remote controls detect them to see heat signatures or transmit signals |
| visible light | from the Sun is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. |
| ultraviolet light | wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, invisible to humans, comes from the sun and artificial sources, can be both beneficial (like vitamin D production) and harmful (like sunburn and skin cancer). |
| x-rays | shorter wavelengths and more energy than visible light, that can penetrate matter and are used to create images of the inside of the body or objects. used in medicine and in airports to screen luggage |
| gamma rays | shortest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. They are produced by radioactive decay of atomic nuclei and other powerful events, are very powerful and can penetrate most materials |
| energy | what waves carry from one place to another through a medium such as air, water, or solid objects. |
| examples of transverse waves | light waves, electromagnetic waves, water ripples, ocean waves |
| longitudinal waves | wave in which the medium’s vibration is parallel to the direction of the wave. |
| examples of longitudinal waves | sound waves, primary earthquake waves, ultrasound, tsunami |
| high amplitude in light or sound waves | brighter or louder |
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