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Muscles

TermDefinition
Tendon Connects muscle to bone; transfers force when a muscle contracts.
3 Types of Muscle Skeletal Muscle , Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle Voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones for movement.
Cardiac Muscle Involuntary, striated muscle found in the heart.
Smooth Muscle Involuntary, non-striated muscle found in organs and blood vessels.
Sarcomere The smallest functional unit of muscle; made of actin and myosin filaments.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Stores and releases calcium ions needed for contraction.
Calcium Ions (Ca²⁺) Trigger muscle contraction by allowing actin and myosin to attach.
Actin Filaments Thin protein filaments pulled by myosin to shorten the muscle.
Myosin Filaments thick protein filaments that pull actin using energy from ATP.
Troponin A protein that binds calcium and moves tropomyosin off actin binding sites.
Tropomyosin A protein that blocks actin binding sites until moved by troponin.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) The energy molecule that powers muscle contraction and relaxation.
Endomysium Connective tissue that wraps one muscle fiber (cell).
Perimysium Connective tissue that wraps a bundle of muscle fibers (a fascicle).
Epimysium Outer connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle.
Fascicle A bundle of muscle fibers.
Muscle Fiber / Cell A single, long muscle cell that contains myofibrils.
Myofibril Thread-like structures inside a muscle fiber, made of repeating sarcomeres.
6 Muscle Rules 1. Muscles have at least two points of attachment. 2. The attachment that moves is the insertion; the one that stays still is the origin. 3. Muscles must cross at least one joint. 4. Muscles work in pairs: Flexor = decreases joint angle Extensor = incr
Muscle Fatigue When muscles run low on ATP or oxygen and can’t contract effectively.
Electromyogram (EMG) A recording of electrical activity in muscles during contraction.
Tetany A sustained muscle contraction caused by repeated rapid stimulation.
Created by: Charlotte S.
 

 



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