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BIOL 1101 Exam Three
In-Class Notes, Nucleic Acids & Replication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three components of nucleic acid? | nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar, 1 or more phosphate group |
| What does DNA have that RNA doesn't? | deoxyribose sugar, thymine |
| What does RNA have that DNA doesn't | ribose sugar, uracil |
| What do both DNA and RNA have in common? | phosphate group, cytosine, adenine, guanine |
| How is a phosphodiester linkage created? | condensation reaction - OH group of sugar and OH group of phosphate combine and leave as H2O, backbone of repeating sugar-phosphate groups |
| Where on the carbon is the phosphate group and hydroxyl group? | phophate - 5' carbon, hydroxyl group - 3' |
| How are complimentary bases paired? | using hydrogen bonding |
| How is Adenine paired with Thymine? | adenine's nitrogen h-bond with thymine's n-h |
| How is Thymine paired with Adenine? | thymine oxygen h-bond with adenine's n-h |
| How is Guanine paired with Cytosine? | guanine's oxygen h-bond with cytosine's n-h2 |
| Ho is Cytosine paired with Guanine? | cytosine's oxygen and nitrogen h-bond with guanine's n-h2 and n-h |
| What is transcription? | DNA to RNA |
| What is trnaslation | RNA to protein |
| What does semiconservative mean? | specificity of complimentary base allows for information to be copied , one parent strand and one daughter strand |
| What is the Hershey and Chase experiment? | radioactive phage mixes with bacteria, can measure radioactivity in the pellet to determine which strands were the parents versus the daughters |
| What is the origin of replication? | a short sequence of nucleotides that allow for proteins to recognize and bind to the DNA |
| Whaat is the difference in the origin of replication between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? | bacteria has one point of origin because of circular strands of DNA, eukaryotes have many points of origin |
| How many replication forks does the replication bubble have? | 2 |
| What does helicase do? | helicase unwinds double helix at the fork, separates the two parental strands |
| What does single-strand binding protein do? | binds with unwound single-stranded DNA, allows for no h-bond with itself or other parent DNA strand |
| What does a RNA primer do? | holds all of RNA nucleotides, includes 3'OH that DNA nucleotides are added to that is needed for new DNA replicate |
| What does topoisomerase do? | relieves twisting strain in FRONT of replication fork |
| What does DNA Polymerase III do? | adds DNA nucleotides to pre-existing chain, attaches 5' phosphate group to every nucleotide added |
| Which direction is DNA synthesized? | from 5' to 3' |
| What direction is the parent strand read | antiparallel, from 3' to 5' |
| What is the leading strand? | opens in 3' to 5' direction, continuous 5' to 3' replication of the new strand |
| What is the lagging strand? | opens in 5' to 3' direction |
| Why is the lagging strand not continuously read? | can't read from 3' to 5', DNA polymerase works direction away from the fork, synthesized discontinuously |
| What are okazaki fragments? | series of fragments that are discontinuously synthesized |
| What does each primer need? | its own own primer |
| What is DNA ligase? | enzyme that joins segments together |
| What is DNA Polymerase I? | 5' to 3' activity that removes RNA primers, degrades RNA primer AND replaces degradation with DNA nucleotides |
Created by:
goldengalleon