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A+P: Chap 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the functions of the respiratory system | Supply O2 to the cells of the body and eliminate Co2 from the body, produce sounds for vocalization (speaking), help with sense of smell, and acid-base balance |
| breathing in | inspiration |
| breathing out | expiration |
| Which involves gas transfer between air and blood? | external respiration |
| Which involves gas transfer between blood and cells?: | internal respiration |
| short/tight cords= | high pitch |
| loose/long cords= | low pitch |
| what is the flap that covers trachea? | epiglottis |
| Identify the organs forming the respiratory passageway(s) in descending order until you reach the alveoli | Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree: bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and lungs: alveoli |
| Which includes inspiration and expiration? | pulmonary ventilation |
| Which tubes can do gas exchange? | Respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar ducts |
| Conducting passageway | Air is purified, warmed, cleansed and humidified. Carry air into and out of the body but are NOT involved in gas exchange |
| Respiratory passageway | Are used for gas exchange with the blood |
| What parts of the body is in conducting passageway? | nose, trachea, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles |
| What parts of the body is in respiratory passageway? | Alveoli, alveolar ducts, and respiratory bronchioles |
| Air enters through holes called | nostrils |
| The ridges are called | conchae |
| The spaces between the ridges are called | meatus |
| What happens to air as it passes through the nose? | It gets moistened and warmed |
| How does the air get humidified? | There is mucus that lines the concha that humidifies the air |
| How does the air get warmed? | There are blood vessels under the concha which warm the air |
| What is present in the nose that can trap pathogens? | mucus from goblet cells |
| What is present in the nose that can kill pathogens? | lysosomes and defensins secreted by epithelial cells |
| Name two non-respiratory functions of nose. | chambers for speech, location of olfactory receptors for sense of smell |
| The back of the nose is called the: | nasopharynx |
| The back of the mouth is called the: | oropharynx |
| The back of the larynx is called the: | laryngopharynx |
| What is the shield shaped piece of cartilage called? | thyroid cartilage |
| What is the ring of cartilage under the shield shaped cartilage called? | cricoid cartilage |
| What is the proper anatomical name for the Adam’s apple? | Laryngeal prominence |
| Nasopharynx | passageway for air |
| oropharynx | passageway for food and air |
| laryngopharynx | passageway for food and air |
| Which vocal fold creates sound? | True vocal cords |
| All sounds are created when you breathe IN/OUT? | out |
| Increasing the force of air through the cords will change the ______ of the sound | intensity |
| Pulling the vocal cords tighter will change the ________ of the sound | pitch |
| In general males have thicker, looser cords so their voice is _____ | deeper |
| The trachea is held open by rings of ____ | cartilage |
| Does the ring on the trachea go the whole way around? | No |
| Why does the rind around the trachea not go the whole way around? | Esophagus needs to expand when swallowing |
| What type of epithelium is in the trachea? | Pseudostratified Ciliated columnar epithelium |
| Made by goblet cells _____ traps pathogens | mucus |
| Tiny hairs called _______ waft the dirty mucus back up to the mouth | cilia |
| what is behind the trachea? | esophagus |
| Do trachea and bronchi have cartilage? | yes |
| Do bronchioles have cartilage rings? | No |
| So the tubes that can constrict or dilate are the: | bronchioles |
| What happens to the height of the epithelium as you go through the tree? | decreases |
| Do bronchioles and alveoli have cilia? | No |
| The “bunch of grapes” is the: | alveolar sac |
| 1 single grape would be called: | alveolus |
| The tubes which connect the alveolar sacs are called: | alveolar ducts |
| Which passageway has alveoli stuck on it? | Respiratory |
| Which one CAN do gas exchange? | Respiratory |
| The simple squamous epithelial cells are the Type __. They are the structural cells. | I |
| Type II cells secrete a chemical called: | surfactant |
| What do macrophages do in the alveoli? | Phagocytize debris or pathogens |
| The alveolar cell wall is _______ cell(s) thick | 1 |
| The capillary wall is _________ cell(s) thick. | 1 |
| There is ______membrane in between | basement |
| The capillary wall needs to be this thin because: | Gas exchange is diffusion. Increasing distance would make it harder |
| Which lung has 2 lobes? | left |
| Which lung has 3 lobes? | right |
| Which lung has a cardiac notch? | left |
| Which lung has an oblique fissure? Both | both |
| Which lung has a horizontal fissure? | right |
| Why can’t blood in the pulmonary arteries nourish the lung? | it's deoxygenated blood |
| What are the arteries which carry oxygenated blood to nourish the lung called? | Bronchial arteries |
| Bronchial artery branches off from which large oxygenated blood artery? | aorta |
| Can blood in the bronchial capillaries ONLY return in the bronchial vein? | No, pulmonary veins also |
| Function of larynx: | 1. Acts as a patent airway (holds the air tube open) 2. Acts as a switching mechanism to direct air and food during swallowing 3. Make sounds |
| If sympathetic NS (flight or fight mode) stimulates a bronchiole, does it constrict or dilate? | dilate |
| If parasympathetic NS (rest and digest) stimulates a bronchiole, does it constrict or dilate? | constrict |
| Stimulation of which NS causes release of mucus? | Parasympathetic |
| Which parasympathetic cranial nerve innervates the lungs? | Vagus X |
| Who does not have surfactant? | premature babies |
| surfactant |
Created by:
Tomiii