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Music History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| accelerando | speeding up |
| a tempo | return to the original speed |
| accent | the emphasis on a beat |
| adagio | very slow |
| alla breve | in cut-time; two beats per measure |
| alla marcia | in the style of a march |
| allargando | broadening, becoming a little slower each time |
| allegro | cheerful or brisk; but commonly interpreted as lively, fast |
| allegretto | moderately fast; slower than allegro |
| andante | at a moderately slow or walking pace |
| assai | very much (e.g., allegro assai - very fast) |
| cantabile | in a singing style |
| coda | a concluding section of the piece |
| con forza | with force |
| con fuoco | with fire |
| crescendo | gradually growing louder |
| diminuendo | a gradual decrease in volume |
| dolce | sweetly |
| espressivo | expressively |
| f (forte) | loud |
| ff (fortissimo) | very loud |
| flat sign | a musical symbol (b) that indicates lowering a pitch by half a tone |
| grandioso | magnificently |
| largo | broad; very slow tempo |
| leggero | to play lightly |
| order of periods | renaissance, baroque, classical, romantic, 20th century |
| baroque period | 1600-1750 |
| georg philip telemann | 1681 - 1767 (german) known for versatility, richness, imaginativeness, operas, cantatas, chamber works |
| classical period | 1750 - 1820 |
| joseph haydn | 1732 - 1809 (austrian) known for variety of symphonies, piano and keyboard conciertos, wit, innovativeness, elegance, only first violins have the melody |
| romantic period | 1820 - 1900 |
| franz schubert | 1797 - 1828 (austrian) known for melody, emotion, piano and chamber works, sacred music, intimacy, clarity, romantic expressiveness, everyone plays the melody |
| 20th century | 1900 - 2000 |
| aaron copeland | 1900 - 1990 (american) known for american sound, harmonies, folk, evocative orchestration, film, education, musical modernism |
| accelerando | speeding up |
| a tempo | return to the original speed |
| accent | the emphasis on a beat |
| adagio | very slow |
| alla breve | in cut-time; two beats per measure |
| alla marcia | in the style of a march |
| allargando | broadening, becoming a little slower each time |
| allegro | cheerful or brisk; but commonly interpreted as lively, fast |
| allegretto | moderately fast; slower than allegro |
| andante | at a moderately slow or walking pace |
| assai | very much (e.g., allegro assai - very fast) |
| cantabile | in a singing style |
| coda | a concluding section of the piece |
| con forza | with force |
| con fuoco | with fire |
| crescendo | gradually growing louder |
| diminuendo | a gradual decrease in volume |
| dolce | sweetly |
| espressivo | expressively |
| f (forte) | loud |
| ff (fortissimo) | very loud |
| flat sign | a musical symbol (b) that indicates lowering a pitch by half a tone |
| grandioso | magnificently |
| largo | broad; very slow tempo |
| leggero | to play lightly |
| order of periods | renaissance, baroque, classical, romantic, 20th century |
| baroque period | 1600-1750 |
| georg philip telemann | 1681 - 1767 (german) known for versatility, richness, imaginativeness, operas, cantatas, chamber works |
| classical period | 1750 - 1820 |
| joseph haydn | 1732 - 1809 (austrian) known for variety of symphonies, piano and keyboard conciertos, wit, innovativeness, elegance, only first violins have the melody |
| romantic period | 1820 - 1900 |
| franz schubert | 1797 - 1828 (austrian) known for melody, emotion, piano and chamber works, sacred music, intimacy, clarity, romantic expressiveness, everyone plays the melody |
| 20th century | 1900 - 2000 |
| aaron copeland | 1900 - 1990 (american) known for american sound, harmonies, folk, evocative orchestration, film, education, musical modernism |
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