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Poli Sci 140 Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hegemonic war | war for control of the entire world order--the rules of the international system (world war, global war, general war, systemic war) |
| total war | warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another; originated in the Napoleonic wars, which relied on conscription |
| limited war | military actions that seek objectives short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy |
| civil war | a war between factions within a state trying to create or prevent a new government for the entire state or some territorial part of it |
| guerilla war | warfare without front lines and with irregular forces operating in the midst of, and often hidden or protected by, civilian populations |
| conflict | a difference in preferred outcomes in a bargaining situation |
| nationalism | identification with and devotion to the interests of one's nation; usually involves a large group of people who share a national identity and often a language, culture, or ancestry |
| irredentism | a form of nationalism whose goal is to regain territory lost to another state; it can lead directly to violent interstate conflicts |
| secession | the acton of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state |
| aircraft carriers | act as instruments of power projection, the ability to use military force in areas far from a country's region or sphere of influence |
| leverage | using power capabilities to influence an actor to reach an agreement more favorable to you (dominance, reciprocity, identity) |
| terrorism | political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately |
| state-sponsored terrorism | the use of terrorist groups by states, usually under control of a state's intelligence agency, to achieve political aims |
| weapons of mass destruction | nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, all distinguished from conventional weapons by their enormous potential lethality and their relative lack of discrimination in whom they kill |
| proliferation | the spread of weapons of mass destruction into the hands of more actors |
| Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty | a treaty that created a framework for controlling the spread of nuclear materials and expertise, including the IAEA |
| International Atomic Energy Agency | a UN agency based in Vienna that is charged with inspecting the nuclear power industry in NPT member states to prevent secret military diversions of nuclear materials |
| coup d'etat | a sudden, violent, and unlawful seizure of power from a government |
| civil-military relations | the relationship between a nation's military and its civil society, including the government and the public |
| UN Secretariat | the UN's executive branch, led by the Secretary General |
| UN General Assembly | a body composed of representatives of all states that allocates UN funds, passes non-binding resolutions, and coordinates programs in the Global South and various autonomous agencies through the Economic and Social Council |
| UN Security Council | a body composed of five permanent great power members (China, France, Russia, UK, US) each of which can veto resolutions and ten rotating members that makes decisions about international peace and security, including the dispatch of UN peacekeeping forces |
| UN peacekeeping forces | borrowed from armies of member states but under the flag and command of the UN, used to calm regional conflicts |
| World Court/International Court of Justice (ICJ) | the judicial arm of the UN; located in the Hague, it hears only cases between states |
| just wars | a category in international law and political theory that defines when wars can be justly started and how they can be justly fought |
| International Criminal Court (ICC) | a permanent tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity |
| supranationalism | larger institutions and groupings such as the EU to which state authority or national identity is subordinated |
| international integration | the process by which supranational institutions come to replace national ones; the gradual shift of some sovereignty from the state to regional or global structures |
| security community | a situation in which low expectations of interstate violence permit a high degree of political cooperation |
| Treaty of Rome | the founding document of the European Economic Community (EEC), or Common Market, now subsumed by the European Union |
| European Commission | an EU body whose members, while appointed by states, are supposed to represent EU interests; identifies problems and proposes solutions to the Council of the EU |
| Eurocrats | a bureaucrat in the administration of the European Union. |
| Council of the European Union | an EU institution in which the relevant ministers of each member state meet to enact legislation and reconcile national interests |
| European Council | an EU institution in which the heads of government of each member state meet to enact legislation and reconcile national interests |
| European Parliament | a quasi-legislative body of the EU that operates as a watchdog over the European Commission and has limited legislative power |
| European Court of Justice | a judicial arm of the EU based in Luxembourg; has actively established its jurisdiction and its right to overrule national law when it conflicts with the EU |
| European Court for Human Rights | an international court that ensures that member states of the Council of Europe uphold the human rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights |
| digital divide | the gap in access to information technologies between rich and poor people and between the Global North and Global South |
| Paris Climate Agreement | the main international agreement on global warming signed in 2015; calls for keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels; nearly all countries of the world are participants |
| Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD): key nonmembers | Burma, Malaysia, North Korea |
| Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (CESCR): key nonmembers | Malaysia, Saudia Arabia, US |
| Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR): key nonmembers | Burma, China, Saudi Arabia |
| Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): key nonmembers | Iran, Somalia, Sudan, US |
| Convention Against Torture (CAT): key nonmembers | Burma, Haiti, India, Iran |
| Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC): key nonmembers | US |
| Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers (CMW): key nonmembers | France, Great Britain, China, Russia, US |
| Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: key nonmembers | Tajikstan, Tonga, US |
| Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance: key nonmembers | Australia, China, Russia, US |
| proposed changes to the UN Security Coundil | new permanent seats, new veto seats, increase members, etc |
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