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Stack #4565610
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stress | Body's reaction to a non-specific demand |
| Acute Stress | short-term; can be positive help as motivator |
| Chronic Stress | long-term; can weaken immune system, impair memory |
| Catastrophe | (type of stressor) happen to many, severe |
| Major Life Event | (type of stressor) happen to few, severe |
| Ambient | (type of stressor) happen to many, less severe |
| Microstressor | (type of stressor) happen to few, less severe |
| Eustress | positive-high performance |
| Distress | Overstress-low performance |
| Yerkes-Dodson Law | There is acute calm stress that builds up to Eustress-high performance Then as stress continues it becomes more chronic to distress-low performance |
| HPA Axis | How body processes stress |
| H (HPA) | Hypothalamus sends a signal using CRH that there is a stressor |
| P (HPA) | Pituitary gland sends signal using ACTH |
| A (HPA) | Adrenal gland releases cortisol-then cortisol sends negative feedback to Hypothalamus |
| Addiction Criteria 1 | Impaired Control- control when you have- intense cravings-NEED |
| Addiction Criteria 2 | Social Control- affects social relationships |
| Addiction Criteria 3 | Physiological Dependence- body changes; tolerance and withdrawal |
| Addiction Criteria 4 | Risky Use- depends on status of drug (illegal vs legal); taking drug in ways that could be dangerous |
| Addiction | want to continue taking something |
| Danger | harm to yourself or others; overdose Therapeutic Index |
| Therapeutic Index | measure of drug danger, ratio between lethal dose and therapeutic-dose based on personal tolerance |
| Valence Theory (Behavioral Activation Theory) | Idea that different hemispheres are linked to specific emotions |
| Approach | (Valence theory) more likely to engage in activities that make/continue pleasant and unpleasant feelings |
| Avoidance | (Valence Theory) staying away from things that cause unpleasant feelings |
| Left Hemisphere (Emotions) | (Valence Theory) Pleasant emotions: relaxation, happiness, excitement, love |
| Right Hemisphere (Emotions) | (Valence Theory) Unpleasant emotions: boredom, stress, anger, disgust, fear |
| Lovheim Cube | Emotions linked to specific neurotransmitters: Serotonin, Dopamine, Norepinephrine (in cube move low to high) |
| Autonomic Arousal | how much you are feeling the emotion through autonomic responses (Heart rate) |
| Component of Emotion 1 | Behavioral- behaviors in response to feeling emotion (crying when sad) |
| Component of Emotion 2 | Autonomic- heart rate, blood pressure |
| Component of Emotion 3 | Hormonal- cortisol |
| Disgust | Linked to Insular Cortex (contains primary taste cortex) |
| Guilt | Linked to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (decision making) |
| Fear | Linked to Amygdala |
| Fear Process | LA->B->C lateral nucleus of amygdala senses fearful stimuli (automatic sensation), then basal nucleus, then central nucleus (perception of fear) *Thalamus directs attention to thing most frightening* |
| Aggression | Linked to Amygdala |
| Sexual Differentiation (FEMALE) | XX-> Ovary->Estrogen->Mullerian Ducts |
| Sexual Differentiation (MALE) | XY->SRY gene(DMRT 1)->Testis (AMH)->Testosterone (dihydrotestosterone)->Wolffian Ducts |
| Organizing Hormone | long-term, or almost permanent, occurs early in life (puberty) |
| Activating Hormone | short-term, occurs later in life, temporary (stressors) |
| Androgens | Testosterone (males have higher levels) |
| Estrogens | Estrogen, Progesterone (females have higher levels) |
| Estrogen (Reproduction) | Increase in sexual desire |
| Testosterone (Reproduction) | Increase drive for sexual partners |
| Oxytocin | Increases attention to social cues (Released during maternal bonding) |
| Dopamine (Reproduction) | Linked to mate preference (Testosterone increases dopamine) |
| Adrenaline | misattribution of arousal-mistaking physical feelings (increase heart rate) as attraction, when it could be nerves etc. |
| Vasopressin | paternal behavior (voles, high V.=coparenting) |
| PAG (Periaqueductal Gray) (Reproduction) | Lordosis (Women) Actual act of sex (Men) |
| Nucleus Accumbens (Reproduction) | Reward-sex |
| Hypothalamus (Reproduction) | Actual process of sex (Men and Women) sparks sex drive |
| Prefrontal Cortex (Reproduction) | Lessening urges/desires |
| Medulla Oblongata (Reproduction) | Behavior of sex (Men) Viagra works for men not women |
| Fraternal Birth Order Effect | Multiple sons, later birth order more likely to be gay; due to increased antigens after pregnancy and decreased testosterone in succeeding ones. |
| Bruce Effect | Spontaneous abortion and reabsorption of nutrients-when female senses an unfamiliar scent |
| Coolidge Effect | Renewal of sexual interest driven by dopamine- new partner more dopamine renewed sex drive |
| Eusociality | queen and workers (bees/ants) |
| Sleep Stage 1 | falling asleep, alpha->theta waves (chaotic to consistent), hypnic jerks |
| Sleep Stage 2 | Sleep spindles and k-complexes, most time spent here "Stay Asleep" |
| Sleep Spindle | high frequency |
| K-complexes | high to low amplitude |
| Sleep Stage 3 | delta waves, deep sleep, minimal dreaming Night terrors, sleep walking/talking, sleep sex |
| REM Sleep Stage (Rapid Eye Movement) | dreams, memory consolidation, healing |
| Zeitgebers | Stimulus that resets circadian rhythm-tells us when we should feel more or less awake Light #1 |
| Zeitgeber-Light | response to light. When there is light melanopsin is activated and then activates SCN, which then turns off pineal gland. (pineal gland->melatonin) |
| Melatonin | Makes you sleepy |
| Histamine | Makes you feel alert |
| Orexin | Staying awake/maintaining consciousness |
| Acetylcholine | Attention |
| Adenosine | Makes you sleepy/go to sleep |
| Pons (Sleep) | Helps us go through/manage sleep stages Staying awake/staying asleep |
| Frontal Lobe (Sleep) | Dreams, start having and navigate (stage 3) |
| SCN (Superchiasmatic Nucleus) | Go to sleep-most important area- controls sleep |
| Sleep Paralysis | Paralyzed after sleep (REM) too much GABA and Glycine |
| REM Behavior Disorder | Act out dreams (REM) too little GABA and Glycine |
| Narcolepsy | Falling asleep all the time/anytime too little orexin |
| Fatal Familial Insomnia | Do not sleep for long periods of time- slowly overtime start sleeping less, eventually die from lack of sleep symptoms (Dementia) |
| Sleep Apnea | Stop breathing at points during sleep, heart rate and breathing not activated properly -caused by genetic and environmental factors (CPAP) |
| Insanity Defense | Less than 1% attempt- remanded to an institution for an unspecified period of time |
| M'Naghten Rule | Person does not know difference between right and wrong -not guilty by insanity defense |
| Durham Rule | Mental deficit or defect -not guilty by reason of insanity |
| Insanity Defense Reform Act | Defense has burden of proof responsible for proving insanity |
| Aggression Biology | high testosterone + low cortisol= more aggressive low serotonin=aggression MAOA "warrior" gene + childhood abuse = aggression |
Created by:
user-2001219