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237 test 1
Chp 21-22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reflex Arc | The shortest distance/route between the stimulus and the receptor |
| Nerve Cell/ Neuron- | Has a body, brain, axon, synapse, myelin sheath (coating the axon) |
| PNS Myelin sheath | Schwann cell/myelin sheath regenerates |
| Kernig Sign | Knee is lifted and bent, when straightened there is pain = positive |
| Brudzinski | When head is lifted, flexion of core and knees are bent = positive |
| Both Kernig and Brudzinski | are tests for meningitis |
| Dura, Arachnoid, Pia | are three meninges that protect the brain and spinal cord |
| Afferent signals | start at feet and go to the brain |
| Efferent signals | starts at the brain and goes to the feet |
| Sympathetic system | Fight or Flight- reacts to stress and low blood glucose levels |
| Parasympathetic System | Rest and Digest- recovery, works even when asleep |
| Cerebrum | logic, speech, language, consciousness |
| Cerebellum | movement, posture, muscle tone |
| Diencephalon | made up of thalamus and hypothalamus, relay center between |
| spinal cord and cerebrum | controls body temp, appetite, and water balance |
| Brainstem | made up of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata- regulates |
| heartbeat, respiration (PONS), | and blood pressure; controls the center for swallowing, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting |
| Olfactory Nerve 1 | smell |
| Optic Nerve 2- | visual |
| Oculomotor Nerve 3 | Eye movement, pupil size |
| Trochlear Nerve 4 | eye movement down and laterally |
| Trigeminal Nerve 5 | Chewing and facial sensation; trigeminal neuralgia, bells palsy |
| Abducens Nerve 6 | eye movement laterally; move side to side |
| Facial Nerve 7 | facial expression; taste |
| Vestibulocochlear Nerve 8 | hearing and balance |
| Glossopharyngeal Nerve 9 | sensations of throat and taste, gagging and swallowing |
| Vigus Nerve 10- | sensations of posterior tongue, throat, and larynx, initiation of swallowing |
| Spinal Accessory Nerve 11 | shoulder movement and head rotation |
| Hypoglossal Nerve 12 | tongue movement, articulation of speech |
| CNS protection | helmets, car seats, PPE, avoid drugs |
| Acetylcholine- | found in skeletal neuromuscular junctions and in many ANS synapses |
| Norepinephrine | found in visceral and cardiac muscle neuromuscular junctions; cocaine and amphetamines exaggerate the effects |
| Epinephrine- | found in pathways concerned with behavior and mood |
| Dopamine | regulate emotional responses |
| Serotonin | - regulate temperature, sensory perception, mood, onset of sleep |
| Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)- | inhibits excessive discharge of neurons |
| Endorphins and Enkephalins | release of sensory pain; help control pain |
Created by:
DVANCE04