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anatomy everything
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pectoralis major | origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1-6, insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus, action: flexes, medially rotates, and adducts shoulder |
| pectoralis minor | origin: ribs 3-5, insertion: coracoid process of scapula, action: depresses scapula, elevates ribs, |
| serratus anterior | origin: ribs 1-8, insertion: medial border of scapula, action: protracts scapula, nerve: long thoracic. |
| external intercostals | origin: inferior border of rib, insertion: superior border of rib, action: elevates ribs, nerve: intercostal |
| internal intercostals | origin: superior border of rib, insertion: inferior border of rib, action: depresses ribs, nerve: intercostal |
| Thorax vessels | Arteries: axillary, intercostal, Veins: axillary, intercostal |
| Back and Shoulder - Superficial Muscle vessels | Arteries: axillary, subclavian. Veins: axillary, subclavian |
| Deltoid | Origin: acromial end (clavicle), acromion process and spine (scapula) Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus) Action: Abducts, flexes, extends, medial and lateral rot. Nerve Supply: Axillary (lateral shoulder) |
| Trapezius | Origin: occipital bone(skull), C and T vertebrae, Insertion: Acromial end(clavicle), acromion process and spine(scapula), Action: elevates, depresses, retracts scapula |
| latissimus dorsi | Origin: T and L vertebrae, iliac crest (ilium) Insertion: Intertubercular groove(humerus) Action: Extends, adducts, medial rotates |
| Back and Shoulder - Deep Muscles- vessels | Arteries: axillary, subclavian, intercosta. Veins: axillary, subclavian, intercostal |
| Supraspinatus | Origin: supraspinous fossa(scapula), Insertion:greater tubercle of humerus, Action: abducts |
| infraspinatus | Origin: infraspinous fossa(scapula), Insertion: greater tubercle(humerus), Action: lateral rotation |
| teres minor | Origin: lateral border (scapula), Insertion: greater tubercle(humerus), Action: lateral rotation, Nerve Supply: axillary |
| Teres major | Origin:inferior angle(scapula), Insertion: intertubercular groove(humerus), Action: medial rotation |
| Subscapularis | origin: subscapular fossa (scapula), Insertion: lesser tubercle (humerus), Action: medial rotation |
| Rhomboids | Origin: C and T vertebrae, Insertion: medial border (scapula), Action: elevates and retracts scapula |
| levator scapulae | Origin: C vertebrae, Insertion: medial border (scapula), Action: elevates, retracts scapula |
| Arm vessels | Arteries: brachial, Veins: brachial |
| biceps brachii | origins: short head-coracoid process (scapula), long head-supraglenoid tubercle (scapula), insertions: radial tuberosity (radius), actions: flexes shoulder and elbow, supinates forearm, nerve: musculocutaneous (anterolateral forearm) |
| brachialis | origins: anterior shaft of humerus, insertions: coronoid process of ulna, actions: flexes elbow, nerve: musculocutaneous (anterolateral forearm) |
| coracobrachialis | origins: coracoid process of scapula, insertions: anterior shaft of humerus, actions: flexes shoulder, nerve: musculocutaneous (anterolateral forearm) |
| triceps brachii | origins: long:-infraglenoid tubercle(scapula). lat/med-posterior shaft of humerus, insertions: olecranon process of ulna, actions: extends shoulder and elbow, nerve: radial |
| Anterior Forearm - Superficial Muscles-vessels | Arteries: radial, ulnar. Veins: radial, ulnar |
| pronator teres | origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: lateral radius action: pronates forearm nerve: median |
| flexor carpi radialis | origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals action: flexes and abducts wrist nerve: median |
| palmaris longus | origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: palmar aponeurosis action: flexes wrist nerve: median |
| flexor digitorum superficialis | origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: middle phalanges of 2nd - 5th digits action: flexes wrist and 2nd - 5th digits nerve: median |
| flexor carpi ulnaris | origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal action: flexes and adducts wrist nerve: ulnar |
| Anterior Forearm - Deep Muscles-vessels | Arteries: radial, ulnar. Veins: radial, ulnar |
| flexor pollicis longus | origin: anterior radius insertion: distal phalanx of thumb action: flexes thumb nerve: median |
| pronator quadratus | origin: anterior ulna insertion: anterior radius action: pronates forearm nerve: median |
| flexor digitorum profundus | origin: anterior ulna insertion: distal phalanges of 2nd - 5th digits action: flexes wrist and 2nd - 5th digits nerve: median, ulnar |
| Posterior Forearm - Superficial Muscles-vessels | Arteries: radial, ulnar. Veins: radial, ulnar |
| brachioradialis | origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus insertion: styloid process of radius action: flexes elbow nerve: radial |
| extensor carpi radialis longus | origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: 2nd metacarpal action: extends and abducts wrist nerve: radial |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis | origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: 3rd metacarpal action: extends and abducts wrist nerve: radial |
| extensor digitorum | origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: distal phalanges of 2nd - 5th digits action: extends wrist and 2nd - 5th digits nerve: radial |
| extensor digiti minimi | origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: 5th distal phalanx action: extends wrist and 5th digit nerve: radial |
| extensor carpi ulnaris | origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: 5th metacarpal action: extends and adducts wrist nerve: radial |
| Posterior Forearm - Deep Muscles-vessels | Arteries: radial, ulnar. Veins: radial, ulnar |
| supinator | origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna insertion: proximal end of radius action: supinates forearm nerve: radial |
| abductor pollicis longus | origin: posterior radius & ulna, interosseous membrane insertion: 1st metacarpal action: abducts thumb nerve: radial |
| extensor pollicis brevis | origin: posterior radius & ulna, interosseous membrane insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb action: extends thumb nerve: Radial |
| extensor pollicis longus | origin: posterior radius & ulna, interosseous membrane insertion: distal phalanx of thumb action: extends thumb nerve: radial |
| extensor indicis | origin: posterior radius & ulna, interosseous membrane insertion: tendon of extensor digitorum action: extends 2nd digit nerve: radial |
| Hand - Thenar Muscles-vessels | Arteries: radial, ulnar. Veins: radial, ulnar |
| abductor pollicis brevis | action: abducts thumb nerve: median |
| adductor pollicis | action: adducts thumb nerve: ulnar |
| flexor pollicis brevis | action: flexes thumb nerve: median, ulnar |
| opponens pollicis | action: opposes thumb nerve: median |
| Hand - Hypothenar Muscles-vessels | Arteries: radial, ulnar. Veins: radial, ulnar |
| abductor digiti minimi | action: abducts 5th digit nerve: ulnar |
| flexor digiti minimi | action: flexes 5th digit nerve: ulnar |
| opponens digiti minimi | action: opposes 5th digit nerve: ulna |
| Hand - Palmar Muscles-vessels | Arteries: radial, ulnar. Veins: radial, ulnar |
| lumbricals | action: flexes proximal, extends middle and distal phalanges nerve: median and ulnar |
| palmar interossei | action: adducts fingers nerve: ulnar |
| dorsal interossei | action: abducts fingers nerve: ulnar |
| Core - Abdominal-vessels | Arteries: intercostals. Veins: intercostals |
| rectus abdominis | action: flexes vertebral column |
| external oblique | action: flexes and rotates vertebral column |
| internal oblique | action: flexes and rotates vertebral column |
| transversus abdominis | action: compresses abdomen |
| Core - Lower Back-vessels | Arteries: intercostals. Veins: intercostals |
| iliocostalis | action: extends vertebral column |
| longissimus | action: extends vertebral column |
| spinalis | action: extends vertebral column |
| hip-vessels | Arteries: external iliac, femoral. Veins: external iliac, femoral, |
| iliacus | origin: iliac fossa of ilium, lateral sacrum, insertion: lesser trochanter of femur, action: flexes the hip, nerve: femoral |
| psoas major | origin: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, insertion: lesser trochanter of femur, action: flexes the hip |
| gluteus maximus | origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum and coccyx, insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract, action: extends, laterally rotates, abducts hip |
| gluteus medius | origin: lateral ilium, insertion: greater trochanter of femur, action: abducts & medially rotates hip |
| gluteus minimus | origin: lateral ilium, insertion: greater trochanter of femur, action: abducts & medially rotates hip |
| piriformis | origin: anterolateral sacrum, insertion: greater trochanter of femur. action: laterally rotates hip |
| Thigh - Anterior Compartment-vessels | Arteries: femoral. Veins: femoral, great saphenous |
| rectus femoris | origin: anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium, insertion: tibial tuberosity of tibia, action: flexes hip, extends knee, nerve: femoral |
| vastus lateralis | origin: anterior shaft of femur insertion: tibial tuberosity of tibia action: extends knee nerve: femoral |
| vastus medialis | origin: anterior shaft of femur insertion: tibial tuberosity of tibia action: extends knee nerve: femoral |
| vastus intermedius | origin: anterior shaft of femur insertion: tibial tuberosity of tibia action: extends knee nerve: femoral |
| sartorius | origin: anterior superior iliac spine of ilium insertion: medial tibia action: flexes & laterally rotates hip, flexes knee nerve: femoral |
| tensor fasciae latae | origin: anterior superior iliac spine of ilium insertion: iliotibial tract action: tenses iliotibial tract |
| Thigh - Medial Compartment-vessels | Arteries: femoral. Veins: femoral, great saphenous |
| adductor magnus | origin: ischium and pubis insertion: posterior shaft of femur action: adducts hip nerve: obturator |
| adductor longus | origin: pubis insertion: posterior shaft of femur action: adducts hip nerve: obturator |
| adductor brevis | origin: pubis insertion: posterior shaft of femur action: adducts hip nerve: obturator |
| pectineus | origin: pubis insertion: posterior shaft of femur action: adducts hip nerve: obturator and femoral |
| gracilis | origin: pubis insertion: medial tibia action: adducts & medially rotates hip, flexes knee nerve: obturator |
| Thigh - Posterior Compartment-vessels | Arteries: femoral. Veins: femoral, great saphenous |
| biceps femoris | origin: long head: ischial tuberosity of ischium short head: posterior shaft of femur insertion: head of fibula, lateral tibia action: extends hip, flexes knee nerve: tibial |
| semitendinosus | origin: ischial tuberosity of ischium insertion: medial tibia action: extends hip, flexes knee nerve: tibial |
| semimembranosus | origin: ischial tuberosity of ischium insertion: medial tibia action: extends hip, flexes knee nerve: tibial |
| Leg - Anterior Compartment-vessels | Arteries: anterior tibial. Veins: anterior tibial, great saphenous |
| tibialis anterior | origin:anterior tibia/fibula, interosseous membrane, insertion:medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal, action: dorsiflexes and inverts ankle, nerve: deep fibular |
| extensor digitorum longus | origin: anterior tibia/fibula, interosseous membrane, insertion: middle and distal phalanges of 2nd - 5th digits, action: dorsiflexes ankle and extends 2nd - 5th digits, nerve: deep fibular |
| extensor hallucis longus | origin:anterior tibia/fibula, interosseous membrane, insertion:1st distal phalanx, action:dorsiflexes and inverts ankle, extends big toe, nerve: deep fibular |
| fibularis tertius | origin:anterior tibia/fibula, interosseous membrane, insertion:5th metatarsal, action:dorsiflexes and everts ankle, nerve: deep fibular |
| Leg - Lateral Compartment-vessels | Arteries: anterior tibial, fibular. Veins: anterior tibial, fibular, great saphenous |
| fibularis longus | origin:lateral fibula, insertion:medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal, action:everts ankle, nerve: superficial fibular |
| fibularis brevis | origin:lateral fibula, insertion:5th metatarsal, action:everts ankle, nerve: superficial fibular |
| Leg - Posterior Compartment-vessels | Arteries: popliteal, posterior tibial, fibular. Veins: popliteal, posterior tibial, fibular, great saphenous |
| gastrocnemius | origin: medial, lateral condyles of femur, insertion: calcaneus, action: plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee, nerve: tibial |
| plantaris | origin: posterior femur above lateral condyle, insertion: calcaneus, action: plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee, nerve: tibial |
| soleus | origin:posterior tibia/fibula, interosseous membrane, insertion:calcaneus, action:plantarflexes ankle, nerve: tibial |
| Flexor digitorum longus | origin:posterior tibia/fibula, interosseous membrane, insertion: distal phalanges 2-5, action:plantarflex, inverts ankle, flexes 2-5, nerve: tibial |
| Flexor hallucis longus | origin:posterior tibia/fibula, interosseous membrane, insertion:1st distal phalanx, action:plantarflexes, inverts ankle, flexes big toe, nerve: tibial |
| Tibialis posterior | origin:posterior tibia/fibula, interosseous membrane insertion:metatarsals 2-4, action:plantarflexes, inverts ankle nerve: tibial |
| Axial skeleton | central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column (spine), rib cage, and hyoid bone |
| Appendicular skeleton | the limbs (arms and legs) and the girdles (shoulders and pelvis) that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton |
| Vertebral column | the vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx |
| Types of vertebrae | cervical (C1-C7), thoracic (T1-T12), and lumbar (L1-L5). |
| Structures on vertebrae | body (*not found on C1), dens (*only found on C2), vertebral foramen, transverse processes, transverse foramina (*only located on cervical vertebrae), spinous process, superior articulating facets, inferior articulatingfacets |
| Thoracic cage | the sternum and ribs |
| sternum | manubrium, body, xiphoid process, jugular notch, sternal angle |
| ribs | head, neck, tubercle |
| Atlantooccipital joint | first cervical vertebra (C1, atlas) articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull |
| Facet joint | superior articulating facets of a vertebra articulate with the inferior articulating facets |
| Lumbosacral joint | fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) articulates with the sacrum |
| Costovertebral joints | heads of the ribs articulate with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae |
| Costotransverse joints | tubercles of the ribs articulate with the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae |
| Pectoral girdle | (composed of the scapula and clavicle) connects the bones of the upper extremity (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges) to the axial skeleton |
| Clavicle | Sternal end, acromial end |
| scapula | acromion process, glenoid fossa, supraglenoid tubercle, infraglenoid tubercle, superior border, medial (vertebral) border, lateral (axillary) border, superior angle, inferior angle, coracoid process, spine, supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapular fossa |
| humerus | Head, anatomical, surgical neck, greater, lesser tubercle, intertubercular (bicipital) groove, deltoid tuberosity, lateral supracondylar ridge, capitulum (lateral condyle), trochlea (medial condyle), medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, olecranon fossa |
| radius | head, neck, radial tuberosity, ulnar notch, styloid process |
| Ulna | olecranon process, coronoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch, head, styloid process |
| Carpal bones | scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
| Sternoclavicular joint | manubrium of the sternum articulates with the sternal end of the clavicle, ligaments: sternoclavicular |
| Acromioclavicular joint | acromion process of the scapula articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle. Ligaments: acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular |
| Glenohumeral joint | glenoid fossa (cavity) of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus. Ligaments: glenohumeral(superior, middle, inferior), glenoid labrum. Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction |
| Humeroradial joint | capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius. Ligaments: radial collateral. Movements: flexion, extension, pronation, and supination |
| Humeroulnar joint | trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna. Ligaments: ulnar collateral. Movements: flexion and extension. |
| Proximal radioulnar joint | head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna. Ligament: annular. Movement: pronation and supination. |
| Distal radioulnar joint | ulnar notch of the radius articulates with the head of the ulna. Movements: pronation and supination |
| Radiocarpal joint | distal end of the radius articulates with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum. Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction |
| 1st carpometacarpal joint | trapezium articulates with the 1st metacarpal. Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, and circumduction. |
| Metacarpophalangeal joint | metacarpals articulate with the proximal phalanges. Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. |
| Proximal interphalangeal joints | proximal phalanges of digits 2-5 articulate with the middle phalanges of digits 2-5. Movements: flexion and extension. |
| Distal interphalangeal joints | middle phalanges of digits 2-5 articulate with the distal phalanges of digits 2-5. Movements: flexion, extension. |
| 1st interphalangeal joints | 1st proximal phalanx of the thumb and the 1st distal phalanx of the thumb. Movements: flexion, extension. |
| Pelvic girdle | the coxal (hip) bones, sacrum, and coccyx. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis) |
| ilium | auricular surface,iliac crest, iliac fossa, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) |
| ischium | ischial tuberosity, ischial spine |
| pubis | part of coxal |
| sacrum | auricular surface |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| femur | head,fovea capitis,neck,greater trochanter,lesser trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, shaft, linea aspera, medial condyle, lateral condyle, patellar surface |
| patella | apex |
| tibia | medial condyle, lateral condyle, intercondylar eminence, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus |
| Fibula | head, lateral malleolus |
| Tarsal bones | talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate (middle) cuneiform, lateral cuneiform |
| Sacroiliac joint | auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with the auricular surface of the ilium. Ligaments: sacroiliac ligaments |
| Acetabulofemoral joint | acetabulum of the coxal bone articulates with the head of the femur. Ligaments: iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral, acetabular labrum, ligamentum teres. Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial, lateral rotation, circumduction. |
| Patellofemoral joint | patella articulates with the patellar surface of the femur. Movements: inferior and superior glide. |
| Tibiofemoral joint | tibial condyles of the tibia articulate with the femoral condyles of the femur. Ligaments: MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL, medial and lateral menisci. Movements: flexion, extension. |
| Proximal tibiofibular joint | lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the head of the fibula |
| Distal tibiofibular joint | distal end of the tibia articulates with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. Ligaments: anterior, posterior tibiofibular |
| Tibiotalar joint | distal end of the tibia articulates with the talus. Movements: plantarflexion and dorsiflexion |
| Fibulotalar joint | lateral malleolus of the fibula articulates with the talus. Movements: plantarflexion and dorsiflexion |
| Subtalar joint | talus articulates with the calcaneus. Movements: inversion and eversion. |
| tibiotalar, fibulotalar, and subtalar joints are stabilized by the calcaneofibular, anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and deltoid ligaments | |
| Tarsometatarsal joint | tarsals articulate with the metatarsals |
| Metatarsophalangeal joints | metatarsals articulate with the proximal phalanges. Movements: flexion, extension. |
| myocardium | muscular tissue of the heart |
| mediastinum | between the lungs |
| Tricuspid valve | between right atrium and ventricle |
| Mitral valve | between left atrium and ventricle |
| Pulmonary valve | between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk |
| Aortic valve | between left ventricle and aorta |
| superior vena cava | before right atrium |
| inferior vena cava | before right atrium |
| pulmonary trunk | branches into arteries, goes to lungs |
| pulmonary arteries | goes to lungs |
| pulmonary veins | goes to left atrium |
| Aorta | systemic arteries |
| Brachiocephalic trunk | comes off aorta, branches into right common carotid and subclavian |
| Left common carotid artery | middle from aorta |
| Left subclavian artery | left-most off aorta |
| right coronary artery | branches of the right coronary artery include the right marginal artery and the posterior interventricular (or posterior descending) artery |
| posterior interventricular (or posterior descending) artery | an artery running in the posterior interventricular sulcus to the apex of the heart where it meets with the left anterior descending artery also known as the anterior interventricular artery |
| left coronary artery | branches of the left coronary artery include the circumflex artery and the anterior interventricular (or left anterior descending / LAD) artery |
| circumflex artery | one of two branches of your left main coronary artery. It delivers oxygenated blood to the back and side of your heart’s left pumping chambers |
| anterior interventricular (or left anterior descending / LAD) artery | a branch of the left coronary artery. It supplies the anterior portion of the left ventricle |
| great cardiac vein | runs with the anterior interventricular artery |
| middle cardiac vein | runs with the posterior interventricular artery |
| coronary sinus | receives blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium of the heart |
| formed elements of blood | red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
| abdominopelvic cavity | abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
| Arteries of abdominopelvic cavity | abdominal aorta, renal, common iliac, internal iliac, external iliac |
| Veins of abdominopelvic cavity | inferior vena cava, renal, common iliac, internal iliac, external iliac |
| Kidneys | two bean-shaped organs that filter your blood, sit just below your ribcage and behind your belly. |
| Nephrons | the minute or microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. each separate nephron is where the main work of the kidney is performed |
| Adrenal glands | endocrine glands located “on top of” each kidney |
| ureters | two thin, muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
| urinary bladder | a hollow, spherical-shaped organ that holds urine |
| Urethra | the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen. |
| axillary nerve | lateral shoulder |
| musculocutaneous nerve | anterolateral forearm |
| radial nerve | posterior surface of arm and forearm, posterolateral surface of the hand |
| median nerve | thumb, index finger, middle finger, lateral half of ring finger and lateral 2/3 of pa |
| ulnar nerve | pinky finger, medial 1/2 of ring finger and medial 1/3 of hand |
| femoral nerve | anterior thigh, medial leg |
| obturator nerve | medial thigh |
| tibial nerve | posterior leg, lateral surface of foot, sole of foot |
| deep fibular nerve | skin between 1st and 2nd digits of foot |
| superficial fibular nerve | lateral leg, dorsum of foot |
Created by:
bblonde