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Final Anatomy
Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Factor that affect the cardiac contraction are called? | Inotropic factors |
| What are the two barroreceptors that are located near the heart? | Aortic barroreceptors and carotid barrorecptors |
| Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart? | Blood pumping action of respiration and skeletal muscle contractions |
| The term used to describe the collection of the mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood | Hemodynamics |
| Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of | Vasodilation |
| The vagus is said to act as a “brake on the heart” this situation is called | Vagal inhibition |
| Starlings law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer or more stretched the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction the | Stronger the contraction |
| Where is the cephallic vein? | It starts in your shoulder and goes into your arm |
| Where is the longest vein in the body? | The leg |
| Where is the common lillliac artery? | In the pelvis |
| Where is the common carotid artery? | In the neck |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the? | Endothelium |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | Foramen Ovale |
| The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the? | Papillary Muscles |
| The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica | Adventitia |
| A graphic record of the hearts electrical activity is a | ECG |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is? | Erythropoietin |
| The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is? | The SA Node |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the | Head, Neck and upper extremities |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood c ell and is responsible for the red pigment is? | Hemoglobin |
| A decrease in the white blood cells is called | leukopenia |
| What is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood? | Hematocrit |
| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | Coronary artieries |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, where does it enter? | The left atrium |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | Capillaries |
| The internal Iliac artery supplies blood to the | pelvis |
| Is Plasma a formed element found in blood? | True |
| Are lymphocytes a granulocyte? | false |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen |
| The ________ drains much of the superficial leg and foot | Great Saphenous vein |
| Atria are often called_______ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | Receiving chambers |
| Mechanical devices the promote the flow of blood in one direction only are called | Valves |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and to the heart is referred to as _________ circulation | Systemic |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle and purkinje fibers |
| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | Elastic arteries |
| The bulk of the heart wall is thick, contractile middle layer called the? | Myocardium |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as? | Hematopoietic stem cells |
| Renal veins drain blood from the | Kidneys |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called the | Semilunar Valves |
| Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? | Developmental anatomy |
| the abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the ____________ cavities | Abdominal and pelvic |
| Another name for the midsagittal plane is | Median |
| The _______ system is involved in immunity | Lymphatic |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | Anterior and posterior |
| A frontal plane is the same as a _________ plane | Coronal |
| The gluteal region is _______ to the popliteal region | Superior |
| _______ refers to the inner region of an organ, whereas________ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ | Medullary: cortical |
| An example of a tissue in the body is | Endothelium |
| A coronal section through the human body can | pass through both ears |
| The dorsal Body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity nd a spinal cavity | True |
| Physiology is defined as the study of the ______ of a living organism | Function |
| The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the ______ plane | Coronal |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are ________ | Axial and Appendicular |
| The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region | Anterior |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? | Spinal Cord |
| The brain is _______to the skull | Deep |
| As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to | The inferno-medial aspect of the back |
| The chest is_________ to the abdomen | Superior |
| Muscles are ________ to the skin | Deep |
| Regarding directional terms, Superior means | towards the head |
| The inguinal region lies | where the thigh joins the trunk |
| The knee is _________ to the foot | Proximal |
| The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuous cavity called the _________ Cavity | dorsal |
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the ___________ of a living organism | Structure |
| in anatomical position the wrist is _________ as compared to the elbow | Inferior |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | Ventral/Dorsal |
| An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? | Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac |
| A frontal section divides the body into_______ portions. | Cortex and medullary |
| Blood production is a function of which system | Skeletal |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatu, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of | Organelles |
| The lungs are located in the | Thoracic Cavity |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a | Tissue |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| The structure that a is called the powerhouse of the cell is the | Mitochondria |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the ________ plane | Transverse |
| Molecules are | Atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates |
| If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" versus"Nearest to the trunk of the body," where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | Proximal |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the ______ region | Right Hypochondriac |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are? | Atoms |
| Popliteal refers to the | Area behind the knee |
| Where does the gallbladder lie? | In the abdominal cavity |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | Superficial |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called? | Sagittal |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a | tissue |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a | tissue |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portion is called | coronal |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? | Decomposition reaction |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the | Octet rule |
| Is a radon a subatomic particle? | no |
| hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be | polar |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of? | Protons in the Nucleus |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains? | Eight protons |
| formed by sharing of electrons are called | covalent |
| As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) increases, the | solution becomes more basic and the Ph rises |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains_________ electrons? | Eight |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons is called an | isotope |
| Hydrolysis _______ a water molecule? | Breaks down compounds by adding a water molecule |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond? | Hydrolysis |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? | Metabolism |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a _____ bond | Covalent |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a? | Sythesis reaction |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a | element |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes ______and the solution becomes more _______ | down: acidic |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a _________ reaction | synthesis |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be? | Polar |
| A force holding two atoms together is a | Chemical bond |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body | 96% |
| The atomic number tells you the ? | Number of protons in the nucleus |
| Ionic Bonds are chemical bonds formed by the | Transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits | Hydrolysis |
| A molecule that is polar | Can form a hydrogen bond and it has an unequal charge |
| The most abundant element essential to life is | Carbon |
| What do acids do? | Release hydrogen ions |
| A weak acid | dissociates very little in solution |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge |
| which subatomic particles carry a charge? | Protons and electrons are |
| Acids, Bases and salts belong to a large group or compounds called | electrolytes |
| For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must | lose an electron |
| In the body what kind of element is Iron? | a trace element |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of | Protons |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will | turn blue |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a _______ reaction | synthesis |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| The octet rule refers to the? | Stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level |
| An ionic bond is formed by? | A positive and a negative ion attracting each other |
| The atomic number of Carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Two |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called | bases |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain_______ protons_____ neutrons, and _______ electrons. | 12 protons, 13 neutrons, and 10 electrons |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called | Dehydration synthesis |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of? | Catabolism, anabolism and ATP requirements |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | Solution becomes more acidic |
| The most abundant and important compound in the body is | Water |
| An example of catabolic process is: | Hydrolysis |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose or share: | Electrons |
| What are acids? | They are proton donors, tastes sour, and they release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of | Protons and Neutrons. |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of | One proton and two neutrons |
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