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Bio LAB exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What can Mitosis and Cytokinesis be described as? | the process of one cell dividing to produce two identical cells |
| What are the 3 main roles or purposes of Mitosis in living things? | Growth, Repair/Regeneration and Asexual Reproduction. |
| What is Asexual Reproduction? | Anything non-sexual like a plant and its branch being broken off and planted. |
| Reproduction in prokaryotes occurs primarily through the process known as | fission |
| The genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotes is organized into | chromosomes |
| The process of cytoplasmic division is known as | cytokinesis |
| The product of chromosome duplication is | two chromatids |
| The correct sequence of stages in mitosis is | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| During prophase, duplicated chromosomes | contain all of the above. |
| During the S period of interphase | synthesis (or replication) of the nucleoproteins takes place. |
| Chromatids separate during | anaphase |
| Cell plate formation | is all of the above |
| Centrioles and a starburst cluster of spindle fibers would be found in | only animal cells |
| True or false : all cells in the body are genetically the same | true |
| The cell cycles runs which way | clock wise |
| What position does Cytokinesis start | 9:00 Position |
| What is the time position for Interphase | 9:00-5:00 |
| True or false: Interphase is ALWAYS the same | true |
| In meiosis, the number of chromosomes , while in mitosis, it . | meiosis : halved // Mitosis: remains the same |
| The term “2n” means | the Diploid Chromosome Number is Present // Chromosomes within a single nucleus exist in homologous pairs |
| In higher animals, including humans, meiosis results in the production of | egg cells // gametes // sperm cells |
| Recombination of alleles on nonsister chromatids occurs during | crossing over |
| Alternative forms of genes are called | alleles |
| If both homologous chromosomes of each pair exist in the same nucleus, that nucleus is | diploid |
| DNA duplication occurs during | Interphase |
| Nondisjunction | Results in gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers. // Occurs at anaphase. // Results when homologues fail to separate properly in meiosis. |
| The daughter nuclei produced by meiosis are | Haploid |
| Meiosis differs from mitosis in that meiosis | Requires two cycles of division for completion. // Produces spores in plants but gametes in animals. |
| In a monohybrid cross | Only one trait is being considered |
| The genetic makeup of an organism is its | Genotype |
| An allele whose expression is completely masked by the expression or effect of its allelic partner is | Recessive |
| The physical appearance and physiology of an organism, resulting from interactions of its genetic makeup and its environment, is its | Phenotype |
| When both dominant and recessive alleles are present within a single nucleus, the organism is for the trait | Heterozygous |
| A Punnett square is used to determine | Possible Genetic outcome of a cross |
| The gametophyte of a fern is | Haploid // Photoautotrophic //A structure that produces eggs and/or sperm |
| A chi-square test is used to | determine if experimental data adequately matches what was expected |
| Possible gamete genotypes produced by an individual of genotype PpDd are | PD, Pd, pD, and pd. |
| If you can roll your tongue | you have at least one copy of the dominant allele T |
| Is Mitosis involved in sexual reproduction? | no |
| What is the clevage furrow? | when the cell is shaped like an 8 |
| What does Normal chromosome mean? | the chromosome # should be equal |
| What are blastulas? | hallow balls of cells |
| What is Meiosis another form of? | Cell Division |
| Why is this other form of cell division neccessary? | Ir is needed to produce sperm and egg cells that will contain only 1/2 of the chromosomes compared to typical body cells. |
| Equation | Egg + Sperm --> (fertilization) = Zygote (fertilized egg) |
| What is Homologues Chromosomes? | They come in pairs. they are one half of each pair that comes from each parents. |
| Explain crossing over | the chromosomes cross over (X) and exchange genetic information. Completely Random. Only Happens in Meiosis. |
| Symbol for Klinefelters | X X Y (anatomically male but with more feminine characteristics) |
| Symbol for Turners | X _ (anatomically female but developes female characteristics later on in life) |
| What is independent assortment? | which states that segregation of alleles into gametes is independent of the segregation of alleles for other traits, as long as the genes are on different sets of homologous chromosomes. |
| What is non-disjunction | when one or more pairs of chromosomes fail to separate in anaphase |
| Is Meiosis the same in males and females? | Not exactly |
| What is the Ovary? | Where Meiosis takes place |
| What is the Stigma? | the Sticky Surface capable of holding a pollen grain |
| What is the Style | It holds up the Stigma |
| What is the pistil | The Female Part of the flower |
| What is the Ovule? | the protective barrier surrounding the stigma, style, and ovary |
| What is a petal | Part of the flower responsible for attracting animals to the flower |
| what is the anther | part of flower undergoing meiosis |
| What is the SEPAL | protective green plates from when the flower was developing. |
| What does the Pistil Contain | an ovary where meiosis occurs and contains eggs (within ovules) protective barriers |
| What are seedless plants | freaks of nature |
| Definition of chromosomes | come in pairs (homologous, similar) - one half of each pair comes from each parent |
| Diploid Chromosome numbers | full chromosome number typically found in a cell |
| gametes | products of meiosis |
| Gregor Mendel | father of genetics |
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