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what is mineral

QuestionAnswer
Naturally occurring All minerals are substances that are formed by natural processes.
Solid A mineral is always a solid, with a definite volume and shape.
What is a Mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
Can form by inorganic processes every mineral must be able to form from materials that were not part of living things.
Definite chemical composition A mineral has a definite chemical composition.
Crystal structure A crystal has flat sides called faces that meet at sharp edges and corners.
How are minerals identified? Geologists have identified more than 4,000 minerals. Telling these minerals apart can often be a challenge. Each mineral has characteristic properties that can be used to identify it.
Color & Streak A streak of a mineral is the color of its powder. o The streak color and the mineral color are often different.
Luster o Luster is the term used to describe how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface.
Hardness The scale assigns a mineral’s hardness a ranking from 1 to 10. A mineral can scratch any mineral softer than itself, but can be scratched by any mineral that is harder.
Crystal Structure o The atoms that make up a mineral line up in a regular pattern.
Cleavage A mineral that splits easily along flat surfaces has the property called cleavage.
Fracture o Fracture describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.
Density o Density is mass in a given space, or mass per unit volume.
How do minerals form? From organic processes By crystallizing from materials that are dissolved in solutions By crystallizing as magma and lava cools When great pressure are applied to rock, preexisting minerals in the rock can recrystallize to form new minerals.
Organic Minerals Example: Ocean animals such as clams and corals produce shells and skeletons made out of the mineral calcite.
What are Five requirements to be classified as a mineral? 1. Naturally occurring 2. Solid 3. Can form by inorganic processes 4. Definite chemical compositin 5. Crystal structure
How are minerals identified? ● Color & Streak ● Luster ● Hardness ● Crystal Structure ● Cleavage ● Fracture ● Density
What are Special Properties of Minerals? Some minerals conduct electricity, glow when placed under ultraviolet light, or are magnetic.
what are the Four ways in which minerals form? 1. Organic Minerals 2. Minerals from Solutions 3. Minerals from Magma and Lava 4. Pressure & Temperature
What are the two ways minerals form from solutions? a. Minerals formed by solutions evaporating o Some minerals form when solutions evaporate. b. Minerals formed by hot water solutions cooling o When the hot water solution begins to cool, the elements and compounds leave the solution and crystallize as
How Do Geologist Classify Rocks? 1) Mineral Composition and Color 2) Texture 3) Origin of Rocks
What are the Three Types of Rocks? 1. Sedimentary 2. Igneous 3. Metamorphic
What are the Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks? o Often has layers o Fine grains o Presence of fossil organisms
What are the Characteristics of Igneous Rocks? o Most igneous rocks are very hard. o Layering is not common in igneous rocks.
What are the Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks? o Layering is common. o Different layers are made up of different minerals. o Often made of plates and flaky layers.
What is the Rock Cycle? ● The rock cycle is the combination of all the processes that act to break down rocks, move sedimentary rocks from place to place, and make new rocks. ● The processes of the rock cycle are very gradual and happens over times that range from thousands to
Created by: yehiazeidan11
 

 



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