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unit 5 gov
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are interest groups? | Voluntary associations of people who come together to advocate for policies they favor. |
| What is the primary goal of social movements? | To educate the public and pressure policymakers in efforts to bring societal change. |
| What is the Theory of Participatory Democracy? | The belief that citizens impact policymaking through involvement in civil society. |
| Define Civil Society. | Groups outside the government that advocate for policy. |
| What does Pluralist Theory suggest about political power? | Political power is distributed among many competing groups, preventing any single group from becoming too powerful. |
| What is the Elitist Theory? | The theory that a wealthy elite class holds a disproportionate amount of economic and political power. |
| What is a Policy Agenda? | The issues that government officials, voters, and the public are currently paying attention to. |
| What is Collective Action? | Political action where individuals contribute energy, time, or money to achieve a larger group goal. |
| What are Collective Goods? | Public benefits that individuals can enjoy or profit from even if they don't contribute to achieving them. |
| What are Free Riders? | Individuals who benefit from collective goods without joining the interest group that provides them. |
| What are Selective Benefits? | Benefits available only to those who join the interest group. |
| What factors impact the effectiveness of interest groups? | Wealth, structure, and the presence of free riders can affect an interest group's ability to achieve its objectives. |
| What are Economic Interest Groups? | Groups that advocate on behalf of the financial interests of their members. |
| What are Public Interest Groups? | Groups that act on behalf of collective interests of a broad group of individuals. |
| What are Single-Issue Groups? | Groups that focus on one specific area of public policy. |
| What is Lobbying? | The act of interacting with government officials to advance a group's public policy goals. |
| What is an Iron Triangle? | The coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of bureaucrats, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals. |
| What is an Issue Network? | Webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates. |
| What is Grassroots Lobbying? | Mobilizing interest group members to pressure representatives through direct contact. |
| What is Civil Disobedience? | The intentional breaking of a law to call attention to an injustice. |
| How do social movements impact policymaking? | By protesting and drawing public attention to issues, they force policymakers to confront and address these issues. |
| What is a political party? | An organized group of party leaders, office holders, and voters who work together to elect candidates to political office. |
| What does party identification refer to? | The degree to which a voter is connected to and influenced by a particular political party. |
| What is straight-ticket voting? | Voting for all candidates from the same political party in an election. |
| What is split-ticket voting? | Voting for candidates from different political parties in the same election. |
| What is a party platform? | A set of positions and policy objectives that represent the party's ideology. |
| What is the process of recruitment in political parties? | The process through which parties identify potential candidates who align with their ideology. |
| How do political parties impact citizens? | They simplify the process for voters to identify candidates aligned with their political ideologies, thus decreasing split-ticket voting. |
| What is realignment in political parties? | When groups that support a political party shift their allegiance to another party, often signaling a change in the balance of power. |
| What is a divided government? | A situation where one party controls one or both houses of Congress while the presidency is held by a different party. |
| How have political parties adapted to new circumstances? | By evolving their platforms and strategies to remain relevant, such as responding to social movements or changes in public opinion. |
| What is the nomination process in political parties? | The process where parties select their candidates for political office, often involving primary elections and conventions. |
| What are delegates in the context of political parties? | Individuals who act as representatives at conventions to select party nominees. |
| What is a primary election? | An election where voters choose delegates who support a presidential candidate for nomination. |
| What is a closed primary? | A primary election where only registered party members can vote. |
| What is a caucus? | A process where state party members elect delegates to represent their preferences in the nomination process. |
| What are superdelegates? | Party leaders and elected officials who are given the right to vote at the national convention, often based on the outcome of state primaries or caucuses. |
| What is a candidate-centered campaign? | A campaign strategy where candidates develop their own strategies and fundraising efforts, often independent of party support. |
| What challenges do third parties face in elections? | They struggle due to the winner-takes-all electoral system, which favors the two major parties, and often lack sufficient popular support. |
| What is political participation? | Different ways in which people take action to shape the policies of a government. |
| What are Political Action Committees (PACs)? | Organizations that raise and spend money to elect or defeat political candidates, often affiliated with specific interest groups. |
| What is a linkage institution? | Channels that connect people with the government, such as elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media. |
| What is the goal of a social movement? | To seek social or political change and place issues on the policy agenda. |
| What is the right to vote known as? | Franchise or suffrage. |
| What did the 26th Amendment accomplish? | It was ratified in 1971 to allow 18+ year olds to vote. |
| What does the 24th Amendment prohibit? | It prohibits Congress from imposing poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections. |
| What is voter turnout? | The percentage of eligible voters who participate in an election. |
| What demographic factors influence voter turnout? | Characteristics such as economic status, education, age, race/ethnicity, and gender. |
| What is political efficacy? | A person's belief that they can make effective political change. |
| What is political mobilization? | Efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote. |
| What are absentee ballots? | Voting completed and submitted by a voter before election day without going to the polls. |
| What is rational choice voting? | Voting based on what a citizen believes is in their best interest. |
| What is retrospective voting? | Voting based on the assessment of an incumbent's past performance. |
| What is prospective voting? | Voting for a candidate who promises to fulfill policies desired by voters. |
| What is party-line voting? | Voting for candidates who belong to the same political party across all offices. |
| What is the Electoral College? | A constitutionally required process for choosing the president through electors from each state. |
| What is the winner-takes-all system in the Electoral College? | The candidate who wins the plurality of votes in a state receives all of the electoral votes for that state. |
| What are battleground states? | States with close contests between Republican and Democratic candidates in presidential elections. |
| What is the purpose of the Electoral College? | To elect the president and prevent candidates from only targeting larger populated states. |
| What are Super PACs? | Political action committees that can raise unlimited funds for independent expenditures as long as they are not coordinated with a campaign. |
| What does FEC stand for? | Federal Election Commission, which monitors campaign finance and spending. |
| What did the Supreme Court rule in Buckley v. Valeo? | That campaign contributions can be restricted, but independent expenditures cannot be limited. |
| What was the significance of Citizens United v. FEC? | It ruled that corporations and labor unions have the right to spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns under the First Amendment. |
| What is the impact of voter ID requirements on turnout? | Strict ID requirements can lower voter turnout by making it more difficult for some individuals to vote. |
| What role does socioeconomic status (SES) play in voting? | Individuals with higher SES tend to have higher political efficacy and are more likely to vote. |
| How do demographic characteristics affect voting behavior? | Demographics such as age, race, and education influence an individual's likelihood to vote and their political preferences. |
| What is the relationship between education and political efficacy? | Higher education levels are associated with higher political efficacy and increased likelihood of voting. |
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