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Computers test

1

QuestionAnswer
Computer Programable device that Receives Input, Stores/Manipulated Data, and Provides Output in a useful Format
4 Types of Computers Desktops, Laptops, tablets, and Phones
Input/output (I/O) Communication between an information processing system and s/t outside of it
Input Signals and data received by system
Output Signals or data sent from system
Hardware Physical parts of a computer/related devises
Internal hardware devices inside computer
Examples of Internal hardware motherboards, hard drives, and RAM, etc.
External hardware Devices outside of computer
Examples of External hardware Keyboard, mouse, monitors, printers, scanners, etc.
External hardware also known as... Peripheral devices
Software Computer programs
Categories of Software: Software programs, applications, scripts, instruction sets
Power source Inside comp., draws power from outlet via cord/plug, and distributes it throughout dif. parts of comp.
Motherboard Main circuit board in computer, biggest piece of silicon in it. Controls sound and graphic
Examples of things in the Motherboard: CPU, ROM memory, RAM expansion slots, USB ports, and controllers for devices
When sound and graphic are controlled by motherboard they are ________ into the computer. Integrated
When motherboard doesn't control graphics/sound, need.... Graphic or sound cards
Memory Data storage in digital format
ROM memory Containing hardwired instructions for computer when it boots up, b4 system software loads
ROM stands for... Read-Only Memory
RAM memory every time you open a program it gets loader from hard drive into RAM, b/c RAM reads data faster than hard drive
RAM stands for... Random-access memory
Cache small part of RAM that's very fast, used for most important memory functions
Kilobyte 1000 bytes
Megabyte 1000000 bytes (1 million bytes)
Gigabyte 1000000000 bytes (1 billion bytes)
Terabytes 1000000000000 bytes (1 trillion bytes)
CPU "Brain" of computer, processes e/t
CPU stands for... Central Processing Unit
4 steps of CPU operating system Fetch, Decode, Execute, Writeback
Each CPU cycle is called a Hertz
Speed of a CPU is measured in GigaHertz (GHz)-1000 Hertz
CPU is main parts of Processer/microchip
Most microchips are Quadcore or Octcore (can execute 4/8 cycles at same time)
Main microchip manufacturers Intel, and AMD
Hard drive (C-drive) Stores all data, houses hard disk where files/folders are stored.
Hard drives can typically hold _____ amount of data 2 TB
How data is stored on drive: Stored on stack of disks that spin fast so that data can be accesses from anywhere at anytime. Info stays on drive even when comp. is off
Solid state hard drive (SSD) Doesn't have moving parts, it's becoming more popular, flash drives are type of SSD
Floppy disk drive (A-drive) Original data storage system for comps. X used anymore, 3.5 inches wide
Cassette tapes (B- drive) Second type of drive, not popularly used anymore
CD/DVD (D-drive) reads and writes to CDs or DVDs
CD stands for... Compact Disk
DVD stands for... Digital Video/Versatile Disk
External drive Portable data storage units, usually connects through USB ports
USB ports (or USB-C) Most common type of comp. port
USB stands for... Universal Serial Bus
Peripheral devices Connected to main comp. ex. printer, mouse, etc.
Operating system Software that communicates with comp. hardware on most basic level. W/o OS no software program can run
Operating System also known as... "OS",
Examples of Operating Systems: Windows _, iOS _, Android, etc.
Examples of Computer companies: HP, Lenovo, Dell, Apple, etc.
App Program designed to run on phone/ tablet/ Chromebook, which have more limited storage, designed to provide access to a cloud
Driver Program that provides communication between comp. and peripheral device
Binary code 2 digit (Base2) number system, which comps. use to store data and compute functions
reason we use Binary code... Comp. digital switch in comp. can only be set to on or off, represented by 1 or 0
Hexadecimal code Base 16 digit number system. each digit can have 16 values instead of 10. values can be 1-9 and A-F
Created by: Meira L
 

 



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